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Polyphenols (/ ˌpɒliˈfiːnoʊl, - nɒl /) are a large family of naturally occurring phenols. [ 1 ] They are abundant in plants and structurally diverse. [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ] Polyphenols include phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannic acid, and ellagitannin, some of which have been used historically as dyes and for tanning garments.
Definition. Phytochemicals are chemicals of plant origin. [ 1 ] Phytochemicals (from Greek phyto, meaning "plant") are chemicals produced by plants through primary or secondary metabolism. [ 2 ][ 3 ] They generally have biological activity in the plant host and play a role in plant growth or defense against competitors, pathogens, or predators.
Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy- trans -stilbene) is a stilbenoid, a type of natural phenol or polyphenol and a phytoalexin produced by several plants in response to injury or when the plant is under attack by pathogens, such as bacteria or fungi. [ 6 ][ 7 ] Sources of resveratrol in food include the skin of grapes, blueberries, raspberries ...
Proanthocyanidin. Proanthocyanidins are a class of polyphenols found in many plants, such as cranberry, blueberry, and grape seeds. Chemically, they are oligomeric flavonoids. Many are oligomers of catechin and epicatechin and their gallic acid esters.
Parsley is a source of flavones Blueberries are a source of dietary anthocyanins Flavonoids are found in citrus fruits, including red grapefruit Flavonoids (specifically flavanoids such as the catechins ) are "the most common group of polyphenolic compounds in the human diet and are found ubiquitously in plants".
Phytochemistry is the study of phytochemicals, which are chemicals derived from plants. Phytochemists strive to describe the structures of the large number of secondary metabolites found in plants, the functions of these compounds in human and plant biology, and the biosynthesis of these compounds. Plants synthesize phytochemicals for many ...
A polyphenol antioxidant is a hypothesized type of antioxidant studied in vitro. Numbering over 4,000 distinct chemical structures mostly from plants, such polyphenols have not been demonstrated to be antioxidants in vivo. [1][2][3] In vitro at high experimental doses, polyphenols may affect cell-to-cell signaling, receptor sensitivity ...
Catechin / ˈ k æ t ɪ tʃ ɪ n / is a flavan-3-ol, a type of secondary metabolite providing antioxidant roles in plants. It belongs to the subgroup of polyphenols called flavonoids. The name of the catechin chemical family derives from catechu, which is the tannic juice or boiled extract of Mimosa catechu (Acacia catechu L.f). [1]