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f Including Greek Muslims. The Greeks or Hellenes (/ ˈhɛliːnz /; Greek: Έλληνες, Éllines [ˈelines]) are an ethnic group and nation indigenous to Greece, Cyprus, Anatolia, southern Albania, parts of Italy and Egypt, and other areas surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea.
In 1898 Crete, whose people had for some time wanted to join the Greek state, achieved independence from the Ottomans, formally becoming the Cretan State. Crete became part of Greece in December 1913. The island is mostly mountainous, and its character is defined by a high mountain range crossing from west to east.
The first self-governed Hellenic state since the Middle Ages was established on the Ionian islands during the French Revolutionary Wars in 1800, 21 years before the outbreak of the Greek revolution in mainland Greece. It was called the Septinsular Republic (Greek: Ἑπτάνησος Πολιτεία), or Republic of the Seven United Islands ...
Almost two-thirds of the Greek people live in urban areas. Greece's largest and most influential metropolitan centres are Athens (population 3,744,059 according to 2021 census) and Thessaloniki (population 1,092,919 in 2021) that latter commonly referred to as the symprotévousa (συμπρωτεύουσα, lit. ' co-capital '). [291]
The first Greek-speaking people, called Myceneans or Mycenean-Achaeans by historians, entered present-day Greece sometime in the Neolithic era or the Bronze Age. Homer refers to "Achaeans" as the dominant tribe during the Trojan War period usually dated to the 12th–11th centuries BC, [1] [2] using Hellenes to describe a relatively small tribe ...
The name of Greece differs in Greek compared with the names used for the country in other languages and cultures, just like the names of the Greeks.The ancient and modern name of the country is Hellas or Hellada (Greek: Ελλάς, Ελλάδα; in polytonic: Ἑλλάς, Ἑλλάδα), and its official name is the Hellenic Republic, Helliniki Dimokratia (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ...
In modern times, Athens is a huge cosmopolitan metropolisand central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime, political and cultural life in Greece. It is a Beta-status global cityaccording to the Globalization and World Cities Research Network,[16]and is one of the biggest economic centers in Southeastern Europe.
Topographic map of Greece. Greece is located in South Eastern Europe, bordering the Ionian Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It is a peninsular country, with an archipelago of about 3,000 islands. It has a total area of 131,957 km 2 (50,949 sq mi), [6] of which land area is 130,647 km 2 and internal waters (lakes and rivers) account for 1,310 km 2.