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In physics, the degrees of freedom (DOF) of a mechanical system is the number of independent parameters that define its configuration or state. It is important in the analysis of systems of bodies in mechanical engineering, structural engineering, aerospace engineering, robotics, and other fields. The position of a single railcar (engine ...
An important issue for coordinating the motor system is the problem of the redundancy of motor degrees of freedom. As detailed in the " Synergies " section, many actions and movements can be executed in multiple ways because functional synergies controlling those actions are able to co-vary without changing the outcome of the action.
Underactuation. Underactuation is a technical term used in robotics and control theory to describe mechanical systems that cannot be commanded to follow arbitrary trajectories in configuration space. This condition can occur for a number of reasons, the simplest of which is when the system has a lower number of actuators than degrees of freedom.
When controlled motors actuate the linkage, the whole system (a mechanism and its actuators) becomes a robot. [4] This is usually done by placing two servomotors (to control the two degrees of freedom) at the joints A and B, controlling the angle of the links L2 and L5. L1 is the grounded link.
A woman exercising. In physiology, motor coordination is the orchestrated movement of multiple body parts as required to accomplish intended actions, like walking. This coordination is achieved by adjusting kinematic and kinetic parameters associated with each body part involved in the intended movement.
The six degrees of freedom: forward/back, up/down, left/right, yaw, pitch, roll. Six degrees of freedom (6DOF), or sometimes six degrees of movement, refers to the six mechanical degrees of freedom of movement of a rigid body in three-dimensional space. Specifically, the body is free to change position as forward/backward (surge), up/down ...
Stewart platforms are known by various other names. In many applications, including in flight simulators, it is commonly referred to as a motion base. [1] It is sometimes called a six-axis platform or 6-DoF platform because of its possible motions and, because the motions are produced by a combination of movements of multiple actuators, it may ...
Inverted pendulum. Balancing cart, a simple robotics system circa 1976. The cart contains a servo system that monitors the angle of the rod and moves the cart back and forth to keep it upright. An inverted pendulum is a pendulum that has its center of mass above its pivot point. It is unstable and falls over without additional help.