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Discrimination learning is defined in psychology as the ability to respond differently to different stimuli. This type of learning is used in studies regarding operant and classical conditioning. Operant conditioning involves the modification of a behavior by means of reinforcement or punishment. In this way, a discriminative stimulus will act ...
Cognitive approaches. Thought awareness and suppression. Increasing a person's awareness of his or her prejudiced thoughts and instructing that person to actively suppress those thoughts is a form of prejudice reduction that has been frequently studied in laboratory settings. [22]
Discrimination is the process of making unfair or prejudicial distinctions between people based on the groups, classes, or other categories to which they belong or are perceived to belong, [ 1 ] such as race, gender, age, religion, physical attractiveness or sexual orientation. [ 2 ] Discrimination typically leads to groups being unfairly ...
Francis Cecil Sumner (December 7, 1895 – January 11, 1954) was an American leader in education reform. He is commonly referred to as the "Father of Black Psychology." He is primarily known for being the first African American to receive a Ph.D. in psychology (in 1920). [ 1 ] He worked closely with G. Stanley Hall during his time at Clark ...
The book was called a classic a decade after its initial publication, in 1965. [3] Irwin Katz, writing in Political Psychology in 1991 on the topic of "classics in political psychology", called the book a landmark and "one of the most influential and often-cited publications in the entire field of intergroup relations". [4]
Diane Hughes. Diane Leslie Hughes is a developmental psychologist known for her research on racial-ethnic socialization, parent-child communication about discrimination and racism, [ 1] interracial relationships, [ 2] and the influence of racial ecology on people's experiences in social settings. [ 3] She is Professor of Applied Psychology at ...
Stereotype. threat. The talk. v. t. e. Stereotype threat is a situational predicament in which people are or feel themselves to be at risk of conforming to stereotypes about their social group. [1][2][3][4] It is theorized to be a contributing factor to long-standing racial and gender gaps in academic performance. [5][6][7][8][9] Since its ...
Implicit stereotype. An implicit bias or implicit stereotype is the pre-reflective attribution of particular qualities by an individual to a member of some social out group. [1] Implicit stereotypes are thought to be shaped by experience and based on learned associations between particular qualities and social categories, including race and/or ...