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The ship's hydrostatic tables show the corresponding volume displaced. [4] To calculate the weight of the displaced water, it is necessary to know its density. Seawater (1,025 kg/m 3) is more dense than fresh water (1,000 kg/m 3); [5] so a ship will ride higher in salt water than in fresh. The density of water also varies with temperature.
Lightweight displacement – LWD – The weight or mass of the ship excluding cargo, fuel, ballast, stores, passengers, and crew, but with water in the boilers to steaming level. Loadline displacement – The weight or mass of the ship loaded to the load line or plimsoll mark. Deadweight tonnage (DWT) is a measure of how much weight a ship can ...
Deadweight tonnage is a measure of a vessel's weight carrying capacity, not including the empty weight of the ship. It is distinct from the displacement (weight of water displaced), which includes the ship's own weight, or the volumetric measures of gross tonnage or net tonnage (and the legacy measures gross register tonnage and net register tonnage).
The gross tonnage calculation is defined in Regulation 3 of Annex 1 of The International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969. [3] It is based on two variables, and is ultimately an increasing one-to-one function of ship volume: V, the ship's total volume in cubic metres (m 3), and; K, a multiplier based on the ship volume.
For the purposes of load line marks, freshwater is considered to have a density of 1,000 kg/m 3 (62 lb/cu ft) and typical seawater 1,025 kg/m 3 (64 lb/cu ft). Freshwater marks make allowance for the fact that the ship will float deeper in freshwater than saltwater.
The cargo's density, also known as its stowage factor, is the key factor. Densities for common bulk cargoes vary from 0.6 tons per cubic meter for light grains to 3 tons per cubic meter for iron ore. [4] The overall cargo weight is the limiting factor in the design of an ore carrier, since the cargo is so dense.
In 2015, over 200 ships entered Arctic waters carrying a total of 1.1 million tonnes of fuel with 57% of fuel consumed during Arctic voyages being HFO. [10] In the same year, trends in carriage of HFO were reported to be 830,000 tonnes, representing a significant growth from the reported 400,000 tonnes in 2012.
In fact, Ship A has space for 55,000 mtons on her holds 70,000/0.90 = 77,000 mtons or 2,470,000/32 = 77,000 mtons (rounded) However, Ship A can only take 55,000 mtons in weight of Bulk Phosphate before Ship A loadline is submerged Stowage Factor (SF) Example 2: Ship B Deadweight Cargo Capacity (DWCC): 55,000 mtons