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Model of a medieval crossbowman using a pavise shield. It is decorated with Bartolomeo Vivarini's St. Martin and the Beggar.. A pavise (or pavis, pabys, or pavesen) was an oblong shield used during the mid-14th to early 16th centuries.
The heater shield or heater-shaped shield is a form of European medieval shield, developing from the early medieval kite shield in the late 12th century in response to the declining importance of the shield in combat thanks to improvements in leg armour.
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Richard Blurton wrote of the shield in the book The Enduring Image: Treasures from the British Museum, "This shield is a splendid example, representative of the rise of large sheet-bronze work in later Bronze Age Europe. Much effort was directed towards the production of ceremonial metal armour indicating the prevalence of the idea of man as a ...
Free standing shields called pavises, which were propped up on stands, were used by medieval crossbowmen who needed protection while reloading. In time, some armoured foot knights gave up shields entirely in favour of mobility and two-handed weapons. Other knights and common soldiers adopted the buckler, giving rise to the term "swashbuckler". [7]
Evidence indicates that alder, willow, and poplar wood were the most common types; shields of maple, birch, ash, and oak have also been discovered. [91] The diameter of shields greatly varied, ranging from 0.3 to 0.92 m (1 to 3 ft), although most shields were between 0.46 to 0.66 m (1 ft 6 in to 2 ft 2 in) in diameter. [92]
The rondache or roundel was a shield carried by late Medieval and Renaissance foot soldiers (swordsman). [1] It was made of boards of light wood, sinews or ropes, covered with leather, plates of metal, or stuck full of nails in concentric circles or other figures. [2] Widespread among the infantrymen of northern Italy in the 15th century. [3
Targe (from Old Franconian targa 'shield', Proto-Germanic *targo 'border') was a general word for shield in late Old English. [citation needed] Its diminutive, target, came to mean an object to be aimed at in the 18th century. [citation needed] The term refers to various types of shields used by infantry troops from the 13th to 16th centuries ...