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  2. Focal length - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal_length

    The focal point F and focal length f of a positive (convex) lens, a negative (concave) lens, a concave mirror, and a convex mirror.. The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light; it is the inverse of the system's optical power.

  3. Lens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens

    Using a positive lens of focal length f, a virtual image results when S 1 < f, the lens thus being used as a magnifying glass (rather than if S 1 ≫ f as for a camera). Using a negative lens ( f < 0 ) with a real object ( S 1 > 0 ) can only produce a virtual image ( S 2 < 0 ), according to the above formula.

  4. Thin lens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_lens

    The signs are reversed for the back surface of the lens: R 2 is positive if the surface is concave, and negative if it is convex. This is an arbitrary sign convention; some authors choose different signs for the radii, which changes the equation for the focal length. For a thin lens, d is much smaller than one of the radii of curvature (either ...

  5. f-number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-number

    A 100 mm focal length f /4 lens has an entrance pupil diameter of 25 mm. A 100 mm focal length f /2 lens has an entrance pupil diameter of 50 mm. Since the area is proportional to the square of the pupil diameter, [6] the amount of light admitted by the f /2 lens is four times that of the f /4 lens.

  6. Optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optics

    Lenses are characterized by their focal length: a converging lens has positive focal length, while a diverging lens has negative focal length. Smaller focal length indicates that the lens has a stronger converging or diverging effect. The focal length of a simple lens in air is given by the lensmaker's equation. [44]

  7. Cardinal point (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_point_(optics)

    If the medium surrounding an optical system has a refractive index of 1 (e.g., air or vacuum), then the distance from each principal plane to the corresponding focal point is just the focal length of the system. In the more general case, the distance to the foci is the focal length multiplied by the index of refraction of the medium.

  8. Magnification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnification

    where is the focal length, is the distance from the lens to the object, and = as the distance of the object with respect to the front focal point. A sign convention is used such that d 0 {\textstyle d_{0}} and d i {\displaystyle d_{i}} (the image distance from the lens) are positive for real object and image, respectively, and negative for ...

  9. Camera lens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_lens

    Normal lens: angle of view of the diagonal about 50° and a focal length approximately equal to the image diagonal. Wide-angle lens: angle of view wider than 60° and focal length shorter than normal. Long-focus lens: any lens with a focal length longer than the diagonal measure of the film or sensor. [10] Angle of view is narrower.