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Integrins are transmembrane receptors that help cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. [3] Upon ligand binding, integrins activate signal transduction pathways that mediate cellular signals such as regulation of the cell cycle, organization of the intracellular cytoskeleton, and movement of new receptors to the cell membrane. [4]
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events. Proteins responsible for detecting stimuli are generally termed receptors , although in some cases the term sensor is used. [ 1 ]
True homologs of integrins exist in mammals, invertebrates, and some fungi but not in plant cells. Mammalian integrins are heterodimer transmembrane proteins that play a large role in bidirectional signal transduction. [1] As transmembrane proteins, integrins connect the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the plasma membrane of the animal cell. [1]
All integrins, alpha and beta forms, have large extracellular and short intracellular domains. [7] The cytoplasmic domain of integrin beta-1 binds to the actin cytoskeleton . [ 8 ] Integrin beta-1 is the most abundant beta-integrin expressed and associates with at least 10 different integrin-alpha subunits.
External reactions and internal reactions for signal transduction (click to enlarge) Signal transduction processes through membrane receptors involve the external reactions, in which the ligand binds to a membrane receptor, and the internal reactions, in which intracellular response is triggered. [10] [11] Signal transduction through membrane ...
15894 Ensembl ENSG00000090339 ENSMUSG00000037405 UniProt P05362 P13597 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000201 NM_010493 RefSeq (protein) NP_000192 NP_034623 Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 10.27 – 10.29 Mb Chr 9: 20.93 – 20.94 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) also known as CD54 (C luster of D ifferentiation 54) is a protein that in humans is ...
The signal transduction component labeled as "MAPK" in the pathway was originally called "ERK," so the pathway is called the MAPK/ERK pathway. The MAPK protein is an enzyme, a protein kinase that can attach phosphate to target proteins such as the transcription factor MYC and, thus, alter gene transcription and, ultimately, cell cycle progression.
Integrin-linked kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ILK gene involved with integrin-mediated signal transduction. Mutations in ILK are associated with cardiomyopathies. [5] [6] It is a 59kDa protein originally identified in a yeast-two hybrid screen with integrin β1 as the bait protein. [7]