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1860 engraving depicting the performing horse Marocco. A significant portion of medieval technical literature consists of treatises on veterinary care. [S 11] Arab and Muslim scholars made notable contributions to the knowledge of equine medicine, education, [5] and training, in part due to the contributions of the translator Ibn Akhî Hizâm, who wrote around 895, [6] and Ibn al-Awam, who ...
Intelligence is generally defined as the process of acquiring, storing, retrieving, combining, comparing, and recontextualizing information and conceptual skills. [2] Though these criteria are difficult to measure in nonhuman animals, cephalopods are the most intelligent invertebrates.
Animal ability to process and respond to stimuli is correlated with brain size. Small-brain animals tend to show simple behaviors that are less dependent on learning than those of large-brained animals. Vertebrates, particularly mammals, have larger brains and complex behavior that changes with experience.
Pigs are among the most intelligent mammals on the planet; as such, they display a wide range of complex behaviors, like being able to play video games, understanding human instructions and even a pig species has been observed using tools. Pigs in the Altai Mountains. Village Ortolyk
On the one hand, one hypothesis proposes that some non-human animals have complex cognitive processes which allow them to attribute mental states to other individuals, sometimes called "mind-reading" while another proposes that non-human animals lack these skills and depend on more simple learning processes such as associative learning; [4] or ...
Social behavior requires individual identification, and most birds appear to be capable of recognizing mates, siblings, and young. Other behaviors such as play and cooperative breeding are also considered indicators of intelligence. Crows appear to be able to remember who observed them catching food. They also steal food caught by others. [55]
In debating whether “intelligent animals” are entitled to Constitutional protections, it is important to note that it wasn’t all that long ago enslaved people in America were considered to ...
Adapted from [2] Similar experiments had previously shown that pigeons could be trained to distinguish between photographs of human beings and photographs of other objects, such as trees. In all these cases, discrimination is quite easy for humans, even though the classes are so complex that no simple distinguishing algorithm or rule can be ...