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In the 18th century, practicing Spanish and Portuguese Jews came from Jamaica and Curaçao, where they had flourished under English and Dutch rule. These Jews started practicing their religion openly in Colombia at the end of the 18th century, although it was not officially legal to do so, given the established Catholic Church.
By early 2013, only 9,000 Jews lived in Venezuela and in 2020, it was reported that under 6,000 lived in the country. [20] Among destinations for the 15–16,000 Jews leaving Venezuela, the prime destination was The United States, particularly Miami. Others went to Israel, as well as to Panama, Colombia, Mexico, Costa Rica, and Guatemala. [21]
During the first decades of the 21st century, many Venezuelan Jews decided to emigrate due to the growth of antisemitism and to the political crisis and instability. Currently, there are around 10,000 Jews living in Venezuela, with more than half living in the capital Caracas. [73] Venezuelan Jewry is split equally between Sephardim and Ashkenazim.
Jewish immigration to Latin America began with seven sailors arriving in Christopher Columbus' crew. The Jewish population of Latin America is today (2018) less than 300,000 — more than half of whom live in Argentina , with large communities also present in Brazil , Chile , Mexico , Uruguay and Venezuela .
By 1950 there were around 6,000 Jewish people in Venezuela [12] and the biggest waves of immigration occurred after World War II and the 1967 Six-Day War, [13] [14] The Jewish population in Venezuela was largely centered in Caracas, with smaller concentrations in Maracaibo. Most of Venezuela's Jews are either first or second generation. [15]
In 1827, a group of Jews moved from Curaçao and settled in Coro, Venezuela. [34] In 1855, rioting in the area forced the entire Jewish population, 168 individuals, back to Curaçao. [ 34 ] Assimilation of Jews in Venezuela was difficult, though small communities could be found in Puerto Cabello , Villa de Cura, Carupano, Rio Chico, Maracaibo ...
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As much as 60% of Venezuela's Jewish population has sought refuge in Israel since Chávez took office in 1999, when there were 22,000 Jews in Venezuela. This number has been dwindling to around 6,000 Jews still left in Venezuela as of 2019. [113] Over 11,000 Venezuelans have emigrated to Israel since the start of the crisis. [215]