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Mandibular fracture, also known as fracture of the jaw, is a break through the mandibular bone. In about 60% of cases the break occurs in two places. [ 1 ] It may result in a decreased ability to fully open the mouth. [ 1 ]
The temporomandibular ligament constrains the mandible as it opens, keeping the condyloid process close to the joint. [2] It prevents posterior displacement of the mandible. It also prevents the condyloid process from being driven upward by a blow to the jaw, which would otherwise fracture the base of the skull.
Each temporomandibular joint is classed as a "ginglymoarthrodial" joint since it is both a ginglymus (hinging joint) and an arthrodial (sliding) joint. [13] The condyle of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone in the mandibular fossa. The mandibular fossa is a concave depression in the squamous portion of the temporal bone.
The mandible may be dislocated anteriorly (to the front) and inferiorly (downwards) but very rarely posteriorly (backwards). The articular disk of the temporomandibular joint prevents the mandible from moving posteriorly, making the condylar neck particularly vulnerable to fractures. [6]
Most fractures here are caused by strokes (contusion or penetrating injuries). [2] Conservative management of minor fractures can lead to trismus (lockjaw) that can later only be corrected by removing the coronoid process. [1] For serious fractures, a surgery involving open reduction and internal fixation can have good outcomes. [1]
Noises from the joint during mandibular movement, which may be intermittent. [18] Joint noises may be described as clicking, [2] popping, [20] or crepitus (grating). [19] TMJ dysfunction is commonly associated with symptoms affecting cervical spine dysfunction and altered head and cervical spine posture. [26]
In anatomy, the zygomatic arch, or cheek bone, is a part of the skull formed by the zygomatic process of the temporal bone (a bone extending forward from the side of the skull, over the opening of the ear) and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone (the side of the cheekbone), the two being united by an oblique suture (the zygomaticotemporal suture); [1] the tendon of the temporal muscle ...
The sphenomandibular ligament (internal lateral ligament) is one of the three ligaments of the temporomandibular joint. It is situated medially to - and generally separate from - the articular capsule of the joint. [1]: 671 Superiorly, it is attached to the spine of the sphenoid bone; inferiorly, it is attached to the lingula of mandible.