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Mandibular fracture, also known as fracture of the jaw, is a break through the mandibular bone. In about 60% of cases the break occurs in two places. [ 1 ] It may result in a decreased ability to fully open the mouth. [ 1 ]
Splinting in lateral and extrusive luxation had a poorer prognosis than in root fractures. [35] An avulsed permanent tooth should be gently rinsed under tap water and immediately re-planted in its original socket within the alveolar bone and later temporarily splinted by a dentist . [ 4 ]
The lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid (or lateral lamina of pterygoid process) is broad, thin, and everted and forms the lateral part of a horseshoe like process that extends from the inferior aspect of the sphenoid bone, and serves as the origin of the lateral pterygoid muscle, which functions in allowing the mandible to move in a lateral and medial direction, or from side-to-side.
The temporomandibular ligament constrains the mandible as it opens, keeping the condyloid process close to the joint. [2] It prevents posterior displacement of the mandible. It also prevents the condyloid process from being driven upward by a blow to the jaw, which would otherwise fracture the base of the skull.
In anatomy, the zygomatic arch, or cheek bone, is a part of the skull formed by the zygomatic process of the temporal bone (a bone extending forward from the side of the skull, over the opening of the ear) and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone (the side of the cheekbone), the two being united by an oblique suture (the zygomaticotemporal suture); [1] the tendon of the temporal muscle ...
Trauma not involving the mandibular condyle (e.g. a fracture of another part of the mandible, fractures of the middle third of the facial skeleton, fractures of the zygoma or zygomatic arch). [3] Post surgical edema, e.g. removal of impacted lower wisdom teeth, [3] or other dentoalveolar surgery. [6]
Most fractures here are caused by strokes (contusion or penetrating injuries). [2] Conservative management of minor fractures can lead to trismus (lockjaw) that can later only be corrected by removing the coronoid process. [1] For serious fractures, a surgery involving open reduction and internal fixation can have good outcomes. [1]
The mandible may be fractured at its symphysis, body, angle, ramus, and condyle. [4] The zygoma (cheekbone) and the frontal bone (forehead) are other sites for fractures. [13] Fractures may also occur in the bones of the palate and those that come together to form the orbit of the eye.