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  2. Volcano tectonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano_tectonics

    In Volcano-Tectonics, like in solid-earth geophysics in general, the main physical theories used are those that derive from continuum mechanics. For solid-earth sciences, these are mainly solid mechanics, including rock mechanics, fracture mechanics and general tectonophysics , and fluid mechanics , including fluid transport in rock fractures.

  3. Remote sensing in geology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_sensing_in_geology

    Richat Structure by Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). Instead of being a meteorite impact, the landform is more likely to be a collapsed dome fold structure.. Remote sensing is used in the geological sciences as a data acquisition method complementary to field observation, because it allows mapping of geological characteristics of regions without physical contact with the areas being ...

  4. Volcanology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanology

    Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes were generally linked in these systems to the existence of great open caverns under the Earth where inflammable vapours could accumulate until they were ignited. According to Thomas Burnet , much of the Earth itself was inflammable, with pitch, coal and brimstone all ready to burn.

  5. Exploration geophysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploration_geophysics

    Exploration geophysics is an applied branch of geophysics and economic geology, which uses physical methods at the surface of the Earth, such as seismic, gravitational, magnetic, electrical and electromagnetic, to measure the physical properties of the subsurface, along with the anomalies in those properties.

  6. Remote sensing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_sensing

    Radiometers are also used at night, because artificial light emissions are a key signature of human activity. [13] Applications include remote sensing of population, GDP, and damage to infrastructure from war or disasters. Radiometers and radar onboard of satellites can be used to monitor volcanic eruptions [14] [15]

  7. Magnetotellurics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetotellurics

    MT exploration surveys are done to acquire resistivity data which can be interpreted to create a model of the subsurface. Data is acquired at each sounding location for a period of time (overnight soundings are common), with physical spacing between soundings dependent on the target size and geometry, local terrain constraints and financial cost.

  8. Prediction of volcanic activity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prediction_of_volcanic...

    Prediction of volcanic activity, and volcanic eruption forecasting, is an interdisciplinary monitoring and research effort to predict the time and severity of a volcano's eruption. Of particular importance is the prediction of hazardous eruptions that could lead to catastrophic loss of life, property, and disruption of human activities.

  9. Near-surface geophysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-surface_geophysics

    Near-surface geophysics is the use of geophysical methods to investigate small-scale features in the shallow (tens of meters) subsurface. [1] It is closely related to applied geophysics or exploration geophysics. Methods used include seismic refraction and reflection, gravity, magnetic, electric, and

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