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  2. Ponca - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponca

    When Congress decided to remove several northern tribes to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) in 1876, the Ponca were on the list. After inspecting the lands the US government offered for their new reservation and finding it unsuitable for agriculture , the Ponca chiefs decided against a move to the Indian Territory.

  3. Gros Ventre - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gros_Ventre

    The Gros Ventre were reported living in two north–south tribal groups – the so-called Fall Indians (Canadian or northern group, Hahá-tonwan) of 260 tipis (2,500 population) traded with the North West Company on the Upper Saskatchewan River [clarification needed] and roamed between the Missouri and Bow River, and the so-called Staetan tribe ...

  4. Choctaw Trail of Tears - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choctaw_Trail_of_Tears

    The complete Choctaw Nation shaded in blue in relation to the U.S. state of Mississippi. The Choctaw Trail of Tears was the attempted ethnic cleansing and relocation by the United States government of the Choctaw Nation from their country, referred to now as the Deep South (Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana), to lands west of the Mississippi River in Indian Territory in the 1830s ...

  5. Tonkawa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonkawa

    After the Civil War, Texas being a Confederate state, Union forces occupied Texas, and in 1867 as many as 135 Tonkawa were escorted back north from Austin to Jacksboro, Texas by the Indian agent for the United States. [21] [22] [23] That same year the Tonkawa were then resettled on a reservation near Fort Griffin in Shackelford County. [24]

  6. Trail of Tears - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trail_of_Tears

    The Creek, Choctaw, Seminole, and Chicksaw were also relocated under the Indian Removal Act of 1830. One Choctaw leader portrayed the removal as "A Trail of Tears and Deaths", a devastating event that removed most of the Indian population of the southeastern United States from their traditional homelands. [60]

  7. Cherokee removal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee_removal

    The Cherokee removal (May 25, 1838 – 1839), part of the Indian removal, refers to the forced displacement of an estimated 15,500 Cherokees and 1,500 African-American slaves from the U.S. states of Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Alabama to the West according to the terms of the 1835 Treaty of New Echota. [1]

  8. History of Native Americans in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Native...

    They were one of several succeeding cultures often referred to as mound builders. The Oshara tradition people lived from 5500 BCE to 600 CE. They were part of the Southwestern Archaic tradition centered in north-central New Mexico, the San Juan Basin, the Rio Grande Valley, southern Colorado, and southeastern Utah.

  9. Indian removal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_removal

    The Indian removal was the United States government's policy of ethnic cleansing through the forced displacement of self-governing tribes of American Indians from their ancestral homelands in the eastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River—specifically, to a designated Indian Territory (roughly, present-day Oklahoma), which ...