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Salbutamol/budesonide, sold under the brand name Airsupra, is a fixed-dose combination medication for the treatment of bronchoconstriction and asthma. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is a combination of salbutamol sulfate (albuterol sulfate), a short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist , and budesonide , an inhaled corticosteroid .
Salbutamol is the international nonproprietary name (INN) while albuterol is the United States Adopted Name (USAN). [36] The drug is usually manufactured and distributed as the sulfate salt (salbutamol sulfate). It was first sold by Allen & Hanburys (UK) under the brand name Ventolin, and has been used for the treatment of asthma ever since. [37]
The β 2-selective agonists were developed in the 20th century and are a very valuable class of drugs. In 1901 Jōkichi Takamine isolated the hormone adrenalin, also known as epinephrine. [1] In 1890 adrenalin was first given to asthma patients orally. It had little or no effect because it is metabolized in the digestive tract and is deactivated.
Inhaled short-acting β2-adrenergic agonists, such as terbutaline and salbutamol, are the first-line drugs indicated for asthma exacerbation for all patients to provide rapid bronchodilating effects. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Short-acting β2-adrenergic agonists can be delivered by different devices, for example, nebulizers and metered-dose inhalers .
The plasma protein binding of budesonide is around 85-90%, with an apparent volume of distribution of 2.2-3.9L/kg. [49] [48] Budesonide is 80-90% metabolized at first pass in the liver by the hepatocytic cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 3A4 into two metabolites: 16 alpha-hydroxyprednisolone and 6 beta-hydroxybudesonide. Both of these metabolites have ...
The following is a list of antibiotics. The highest division between antibiotics is bactericidal and bacteriostatic . Bactericidals kill bacteria directly, whereas bacteriostatics prevent them from dividing.
“First, the overuse of antibiotics can promote antibiotic resistance. When bacteria are exposed to an antibiotic, they are more likely to be resistant to that same antibiotic — and sometimes ...
1942 – benzylpenicillin, the first penicillin; 1942 – gramicidin S, the first peptide antibiotic; 1942 – sulfadimidine; 1943 – sulfamerazine; 1944 – streptomycin, the first aminoglycoside [2] 1947 – sulfadiazine; 1948 – chlortetracycline, the first tetracycline; 1949 – chloramphenicol, the first amphenicol [2] 1949 – neomycin