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A root end surgery, also known as apicoectomy (apico-+ -ectomy), apicectomy (apic-+ -ectomy), retrograde root canal treatment (c.f. orthograde root canal treatment) or root-end filling, is an endodontic surgical procedure whereby a tooth's root tip is removed and a root end cavity is prepared and filled with a biocompatible material.
Success rates for root-canal treatment range from 47 to 97 percent; failures may be due to spaces in the root-canal filling, a root filling which is too short or a preexisting periapical lesion. [3] Treatment options are nonsurgical root-canal re-treatment or periradicular surgery.
A properly restored tooth following root canal therapy yields long-term success rates near 97%. In a large-scale study of over 1.6 million patients who had root canal therapy, 97% had retained their teeth 8 years following the procedure, with most untoward events, such as re-treatment, apical surgery or extraction, occurring during the first 3 ...
In root-end filling after apicoectomy, the anti-washout agent (chitosan or gelatin) is useful to prevent from MTA washout. But in vital pulp therapy, anti-washout gel doesn't increase bioactivity or bacterial tight sealing ability of MTA. Instead, hydraulic (100% pure water) MTA shows the higher success rate than anti-washout gel or resin medium.
Root resection or root amputation is a type of periradicular surgery in which an entire root of a multiroot tooth is removed. It contrasts with an apicoectomy, where only the tip of the root is removed, and hemisection, where a root and its overlying portion of the crown are separated from the rest of the tooth, and optionally removed.
In 1890, W.D. Miller, considered the father of oral microbiology, was the first to associate pulpal disease with the presence of bacteria. [11] This was confirmed by Kakehashi, who, in 1965, proved that bacteria were the cause of pulpal and periradicular disease in studies using animal models; pulpal exposures were initiated in both normal and germ-free rats, and while no pathologic changes ...
An apicoectomy is a surgical procedure through which the apex of a root is resected, and a root-end filling is placed, preventing bacterial leakage into the root canal system from the periradicular tissues. [14] A microsurgical technique is used to carry out apicectomy, which improves post-operative healing.
It has been proven that the vitality of dental pulp in immature teeth is preserved and it is free of signs and symptoms of disease even though it has sustained traumatic injuries such as avulsion and intrusion. Clinical success is resultant from the reestablishment of blood supply to the ischemic but uninfected dental pulp tissue.