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Pernicious anemia is the most common cause of clinically evident vitamin B 12 deficiency worldwide. [14] Pernicious anemia due to autoimmune problems occurs in about one per 1000 people in the US. Among those over the age of 60, about 2% have the condition. [8] It more commonly affects people of northern European descent. [2]
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2, a form of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome also known as APS-II, or PAS II, is the most common form of the polyglandular failure syndromes. [2]
Pernicious anemia is the most common cause of vitamin B 12 deficiency anemia in adults, which results from malabsorption of vitamin B 12 due to a lack or loss of intrinsic factor. [ 2 ] [ 8 ] There are relatively few studies which have assessed the impact of haematological measures in response to B 12 supplementation.
Prevalence rate (US) Cit. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: Anti-red blood cell antibodies Confirmed 1-3 per 100,000 [89] Immune thrombocytopenia: Anti-platelet antibodies Confirmed 3.3 per 100,000 (adults), 50 per 100,000 (children) [90] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: ADAMTS13 autoantibodies Confirmed 1-2 per million [91] Antiphospholipid ...
APS-3: Type 1 diabetes, atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, vitiligo, alopecia, and myasthenia gravis, and autoimmune thyroid disease; Addison's disease and/or hypoparathyroidism are not included in this association. [4] APS-4: Combinations that weren't in the earlier groups. [4]
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APSs), also called polyglandular autoimmune syndromes (PGASs) [3] or polyendocrine autoimmune syndromes (PASs), are a heterogeneous group [4] of rare diseases characterized by autoimmune activity against more than one endocrine organ, although non-endocrine organs can be affected.
Nutritional anemia can be caused by a lack of iron, protein, vitamin B12, and other vitamins and minerals that are needed for the formation of hemoglobin. However, Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional disorder. [7] Signs of anemia include cyanosis, jaundice, and easy bruising. [7]
A defect in either of these protein components can cause this syndrome. This is a rare disease, with a prevalence about 1 in 200,000, [1] and is usually seen in patients of European ancestry. Vitamin B 12 is an important vitamin needed for proper functioning of the bone marrow; if deficient, this may lead to decreased marrow output and anemia.