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  2. Drive reduction theory (learning theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_reduction_theory...

    Drive reduction theory, developed by Clark Hull in 1943, is a major theory of motivation in the behaviorist learning theory tradition. [1] "Drive" is defined as motivation that arises due to a psychological or physiological need. [2] It works as an internal stimulus that motivates an individual to sate the drive. [3]

  3. Clark L. Hull - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_L._Hull

    These were drive, cue, response and reward and were based on Hull's drive reduction theory of learning. [19] They used a similar construct to Hull's theory, however, they proposed that any strong stimulus could have motivating or drive properties without essentially being tied to the need of that particular organism. [20]

  4. Drive theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_theory

    In 1943 two psychologists, Clark Hull and Kenneth Spence, put forward a drive theory as an explanation of all behavior. [4] In a study conducted by Hull, two groups of rats were put in a maze, group A was given food after three hours and group B was given food after twenty-two hours.

  5. Reactive inhibition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactive_inhibition

    Reactive inhibition is a phrase coined by Clark L. Hull in his 1943 book titled Principles of Behavior.He defined it as: Whenever any reaction is evoked in an organism there is left a condition or state which acts as a primary negative motivation in that it has an innate capacity to produce a cessation of the activity which produced the state.

  6. Kenneth Spence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Spence

    Kenneth Wartinbee Spence (May 6, 1907 – January 12, 1967) was a prominent American psychologist known for both his theoretical and experimental contributions to learning theory and motivation. As one of the leading theorists of his time, [ 1 ] Spence was the most cited psychologist in the 14 most influential psychology journals in the last ...

  7. Desensitization (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desensitization_(psychology)

    Wolpe's "reciprocal inhibition" desensitization process is based on established psychology theories. These include Clark Hull 's drive-reduction theory, which suggests that reducing a drive decreases anxiety, and Sherrington's concept of reciprocal inhibition, which proposes that certain responses can be inhibited by activating opposing ...

  8. Personality psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_psychology

    In the 1930s, John Dollard and Neal Elgar Miller met at Yale University, and began an attempt to integrate drives (see Drive theory), into a theory of personality, basing themselves on the work of Clark Hull. They began with the premise that personality could be equated with the habitual responses exhibited by an individual – their habits.

  9. Content theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_theory

    Created by Clark Hull and further developed by Kenneth Spence, the theory became well known in the 1940s and 1950s. Many of the motivational theories that arose during the 1950s and 1960s were either based on Hull's original theory or were focused on providing alternatives to the drive-reduction theory, including Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of ...