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Meta-analytic evidence showed that add-on modafinil and armodafinil were more effective than placebo on response to treatment, clinical remission, and reduction in depressive symptoms, with only minor side effects, but the effect sizes are small and the quality of evidence has to be considered low, limiting the clinical relevance of current ...
Modafinil is generally well-tolerated but can have potential risks and side effects. Common adverse effects of modafinil, experienced by less than 10% of users, include headaches, nausea, and reduced appetite. [93] [94] [20] Anxiety, insomnia, dizziness, diarrhea, and rhinitis are also reported in 5% to 10% of users. [20]
The wakefulness-promoting agent modafinil and its analogues (e.g., adrafinil, armodafinil) have been approved to treat narcolepsy and shift work sleep disorder. [6] These act as weak DRIs, [7] but this effect does not correlate with wakefulness-promoting effects, suggesting the effect is too weak to be of clinical significance.
Adrafinil is a prodrug; it is primarily metabolized in vivo to modafinil, resulting in very similar pharmacological effects. [6] Unlike modafinil, however, it takes time for the metabolite to accumulate to active levels in the bloodstream. Effects usually are apparent within 45–60 minutes when taken orally on an empty stomach. [citation needed]
[2] [8] [1] [9] It produces wakefulness-promoting effects in animals. [2] [8] Unlike modafinil, flmodafinil does not induce cytochrome P450 enzymes. [2] Chemically, flmodafinil is an enantiopure derivative of modafinil and is also known as bisfluoromodafinil (it is the (R)-bis(4-fluoro) phenyl ring-substituted derivative of modafinil). [2] [8]
Bupropion is not a controlled substance. It is commonly prescribed as a timed release formulation to decrease the risk of side effects. [101] Modafinil A wakefulness-promoting agent that operates primarily as a selective, relatively weak, and atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitor. Double-blind randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the ...
Chemical structure of modafinil. This page lists chemical compounds similar to modafinil, known as modafinil analogues and derivatives. These are structural analogues and derivatives of modafinil, a drug that affects dopamine levels in the brain in an unusual way (atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitor or DRI).
Modafinil and armodafinil are thought to act as selective, weak, atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitors (DRIs). [13] [3] [4] However, additional actions are also possible and have not been ruled out. [13] Adrafinil acts as a prodrug of modafinil and hence shares its mechanism of action. [13]
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