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  2. Plain text - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_text

    For example, a file or string consisting of "hello" (in any encoding), following by 4 bytes that express a binary integer that is not a character, is a binary file. Converting a plain text file to a different character encoding does not change the meaning of the text, as long as the correct character encoding is used.

  3. Glossary of music terminology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_music_terminology

    A variety of musical terms are encountered in printed scores, music reviews, and program notes. Most of the terms are Italian, in accordance with the Italian origins of many European musical conventions. Sometimes, the special musical meanings of these phrases differ from the original or current Italian meanings.

  4. Music cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_cipher

    In cryptography, a music cipher is an algorithm for the encryption of a plaintext into musical symbols or sounds. Music-based ciphers are related to, but not the same as musical cryptograms .

  5. Plainsong - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plainsong

    Plainsong was the exclusive form of the Western Christian church music until the ninth century, and the introduction of polyphony. [ 2 ] The monophonic chants of plainsong have a non-metric rhythm, [ 3 ] which is generally considered freer than the metered rhythms of later Western music. [ 3 ]

  6. Plaintext - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaintext

    For example, in October 2007, HM Revenue and Customs lost CDs that contained the unencrypted records of 25 million child benefit recipients in the United Kingdom. Modern cryptographic systems resist known plaintext or even chosen plaintext attacks, and so may not be entirely compromised when plaintext is lost or stolen.

  7. Musical syntax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_syntax

    Processing of music and musical syntax comprises several aspects concerning melodic, rhythmic, metric, timbral and harmonic structure. For the processing of chord functions four steps in processing can be described. (1)Primarily, a tonal centre has to be detected out of the first chords of a sequence.

  8. Word painting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_painting

    Word painting, also known as tone painting or text painting, is the musical technique of composing music that reflects the literal meaning of a song's lyrics or story elements in programmatic music. Historical development

  9. Musical phrasing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_phrasing

    According to Andranik Tangian, [7] analytical phrasing can be quite subjective, the only point is that it should follow a certain logic. For example, Webern’s Klangfarbenmelodie-styled orchestral arrangement of Ricercar from Bach’s Musical offering demonstrates Webern’s analytical phrasing of the theme, which is quite subjective on the one hand but, on the other hand, logically consistent: