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Modern hard drives feature an ability to recover from some read/write errors by internally remapping sectors and performing other forms of self-test and recovery. The process for this can sometimes take several seconds or (under heavy usage) minutes, during which time the drive is unresponsive.
When Secure Boot is enabled, it is initially placed in "setup" mode, which allows a public key known as the "platform key" (PK) to be written to the firmware. Once the key is written, Secure Boot enters "User" mode, where only UEFI drivers and OS boot loaders signed with the platform key can be loaded by the firmware.
During the POST, the BIOS must integrate multiple competing, changing, and even mutually exclusive standards and initiatives for the matrix of hardware and operating systems the PC is expected to support, although at most only simple memory tests and the setup screen are displayed.
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When GRUB is installed on a hard disk, boot.img is written into the boot sector of that hard disk. boot.img has a size of only 446 bytes. A boot sector is the sector of a persistent data storage device (e.g., hard disk , floppy disk , optical disc , etc.) which contains machine code to be loaded into random-access memory (RAM) and then executed ...
A rising number of bad sectors can be a sign of a failing hard drive, but because the hard drive automatically adds them to its own growth defect table, [4] they may not become evident to utilities such as ScanDisk unless the utility can catch them before the hard drive's defect management system does, or the backup sectors held in reserve by ...
In 2010, hard-disk manufacturers introduced drives with 4,096‑byte sectors (Advanced Format). [3] For compatibility with legacy hardware and software, those drives include an emulation technology that presents 512‑byte sectors to the entity accessing the hard drive, despite their underlying 4,096‑byte physical sectors. [4]
The message body that follows is by default an XML message and can contain a number of separate response codes, depending on how many sub-requests were made. [7] 208 Already Reported (WebDAV; RFC 5842) The members of a DAV binding have already been enumerated in a preceding part of the (multistatus) response, and are not being included again.