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The models of the process-oriented period explore the short-term and long-term changes in the individuals’ motivation as they learn L2. This approach views motivation as a dynamic factor which fluctuates within a class period, a year, and a lifetime. [3] Models from this period include the process model and the motivational self-system.
Learners in environments using communication to learn and practice the target language by communication with one another and the instructor, the study of "authentic texts" (those written in the target language for purposes other than language learning), and the use of the language both in class and outside of class.
In this example, praise (the stimulus) is a positive reinforcer for this employee because the employee arrives at work on time (the behavior) more frequently after being praised for showing up to work on time. [54] Positive reinforcement is a successful technique used by leaders to motivate and attain desired behaviors from subordinates.
It's no secret that setting a good example is easier said than done. Leadership is a difficult skill to hone and master, and as the Spiderman proverb goes, with great power comes great responsibility.
Many other types of motivation are discussed in the academic literature. Moral motivation is closely related to altruistic motivation. Its motive is to act in tune with moral judgments and it can be characterized as the willingness to "do the right thing". [101] The desire to visit a sick friend to keep a promise is an example of moral motivation.
In English-speaking countries, they have integrative motivation, the desire to learn the language to fit into an English-language culture. They are more likely to want to integrate because they 1. Generally have more friends and family with English language skills. 2. Have immediate financial and economic incentives to learn English. 3.
In a statement after Carter’s death, Biden described him as “a man of great character and courage, hope and optimism.” “With his compassion and moral clarity, he worked to eradicate ...
According to Burns, transformational leadership can be seen when "leaders and followers make each other advance to a higher level of morality and motivation." [ 5 ] Through the strength of their vision and personality, transformational leaders can inspire followers to change expectations, perceptions, and motivations to work towards common goals.