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PI3K activation phosphorylates and activates AKT, localizing it in the plasma membrane. [1] AKT can have a number of downstream effects such as activating CREB , [ 2 ] inhibiting p27 , [ 3 ] localizing FOXO in the cytoplasm, [ 3 ] activating PtdIns -3ps, [ 4 ] and activating mTOR [ 3 ] which can affect transcription of p70 or 4EBP1. [ 3 ]
Prekallikrein (PK), also known as Fletcher factor, is an 85,000 Mr serine protease that complexes with high-molecular-weight kininogen. PK is the precursor of plasma kallikrein, which is a serine protease that activates kinins. PK is cleaved to produce kallikrein by activated Factor XII (Hageman factor). [1]
Akt is partially activated by phosphorylation of T308 by PDK1. Full activation requires phosphorylation of S473, which can be catalysed by multiple proteins, including phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 2 (PDK2), integrin-linked kinase (ILK), [1] mechanistic target of rapamycin complex complex 2 (mTORC2) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK).
In the contact activation system or CAS, three proteins in the blood, factor XII (FXII), prekallikrein (PK) and high molecular weight kininogen (HK), bind to a surface and cause blood coagulation and inflammation. FXII and PK are proteases and HK is a non-enzymatic co-factor.
2309 56484 Ensembl ENSG00000118689 ENSMUSG00000048756 UniProt O43524 Q9WVH4 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001455 NM_201559 NM_019740 NM_001376967 RefSeq (protein) NP_001446 NP_963853 NP_062714 NP_001363896 Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 108.56 – 108.68 Mb Chr 10: 42.06 – 42.15 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Forkhead box O3, also known as FOXO3 or FOXO3a, is a human protein encoded by ...
HMWK is one of four proteins which interact to initiate the contact activation pathway (also called the intrinsic pathway) of coagulation: the other three are Factor XII, Factor XI and prekallikrein. HMWK is not enzymatically active, and functions only as a cofactor for the activation of kallikrein and factor XII.
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In cell biology, protein kinase C, commonly abbreviated to PKC (EC 2.7.11.13), is a family of protein kinase enzymes that are involved in controlling the function of other proteins through the phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine amino acid residues on these proteins, or a member of this family.
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