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CRULP (Center for research for Urdu language processing) has been working on phonetic keyboard designs for URDU and other local languages of Pakistan. Their Urdu Phonetic Keyboard Layout v1.1 for Windows is widely used and considered as a standard for typing Urdu on Microsoft platform.
The Urdu alphabet (Urdu: اُردُو حُرُوفِ تَہَجِّی, romanized: urdū ḥurūf-i tahajjī) is the right-to-left alphabet used for writing Urdu. It is a modification of the Persian alphabet, which itself is derived from the Arabic script. It has co-official status in the republics of Pakistan, India and South Africa.
Note that Hindi–Urdu transliteration schemes can be used for Punjabi as well, for Gurmukhi (Eastern Punjabi) to Shahmukhi (Western Punjabi) conversion, since Shahmukhi is a superset of the Urdu alphabet (with 2 extra consonants) and the Gurmukhi script can be easily converted to the Devanagari script.
The name Urdu was first introduced by the poet Ghulam Hamadani Mushafi around 1780. [29] [30] As a literary language, Urdu took shape in courtly, elite settings. [80] [81] While Urdu retained the grammar and core Indo-Aryan vocabulary of the local Indian dialect Khariboli, it adopted the Perso-Arab writing system, written in the Nastaleeq style.
Urdu Braille is the braille alphabet used for Urdu. There are two standard braille alphabets for Urdu , one in Pakistan and the other in India . The Pakistani alphabet is based on Persian Braille and is in use throughout the country, while the Indian alphabet is based on national Bharati Braille .
Shafiq-ur-Rahman (Urdu: شفیق الرحمن) (9 November 1920 – 19 March 2000) was a Pakistani humorist and short-story writer of Urdu language. [1] [2] He was one of the most illustrious writers of the Urdu-speaking world. Like Mark Twain and Stephen Leacock, [3] he has given enduring pleasure to his readers.
Nine volumes of this dictionary were printed in years 1935–1957. They contain about 250,000 words, their meanings and example usage from literature. The dictionary is available online. [50] [51] Serbo-Croatian: 241,000
^12 It is also common to write ﺉ with the hamza over the right side of the letter – ٸ. ^13 The letter ۀ is only represented at the end of a word, e.g., تېرٙۀ terə́ ' sharp '. The vowel /ə/, when present between consonants, is not represented by the letter ۀ, but instead is omitted, e.g., نٙنَوَتٙل nənawatə́l ' to enter '.