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Carbonation is the chemical reaction of carbon dioxide to give carbonates, bicarbonates, and carbonic acid. [1] In chemistry, the term is sometimes used in place of carboxylation, which refers to the formation of carboxylic acids. In inorganic chemistry and geology, carbonation is common.
At ambient temperatures, pure carbonic acid is a stable gas. [6] There are two main methods to produce anhydrous carbonic acid: reaction of hydrogen chloride and potassium bicarbonate at 100 K in methanol and proton irradiation of pure solid carbon dioxide. [3] Chemically, it behaves as a diprotic Brønsted acid. [8] [9]
The latter is consistent with the pK a ’s of carbonic acid: pK 1 = 6.77 and pK 2 = 9.93. To a single metal ion, carbonate is observed to bind in both unidentate (κ 1-) and bidentate (κ 2-) fashions. [5] In the covalent bond classification method, κ 1-carbonate is anX ligand and κ 2-carbonate is an X 2 ligand.
A carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid, (H 2 CO 3), [2] characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, a polyatomic ion with the formula CO 2− 3. The word "carbonate" may also refer to a carbonate ester , an organic compound containing the carbonate group O=C(−O−) 2 .
Attempts to prepare some carboxylate complexes, especially for electrophilic metals, often gives oxo derivatives. Examples include the oxo-acetates of Fe(III), Mn(III), and Cr(III). Pyrolysis of metal carboxylates affords acid anhydrides and the metal oxide. This reaction explains the formation of basic zinc acetate from anhydrous zinc diacetate.
Animation of a strong acid–strong base neutralization titration (using phenolphthalein). The equivalence point is marked in red. In chemistry, neutralization or neutralisation (see spelling differences) is a chemical reaction in which acid and a base react with an equivalent quantity of each other. In a reaction in water, neutralization ...
Ferrous carbonate can be prepared by reacting solution of the two ions, such as iron(II) chloride and sodium carbonate: [5]. FeCl 2 + Na 2 CO 3 → FeCO 3 + 2 NaCl. Ferrous carbonate can be prepared also from solutions of an iron(II) salt, such as iron(II) perchlorate, with sodium bicarbonate, releasing carbon dioxide: [6]
An illustrative synthesis is the reaction of a cationic iron carbonyl with a stoichiometric amount of base: [2] [(C 5 H 5)(CO) 2 FeCO]BF 4 + NaOH → [(C 5 H 5)(CO) 2 FeCO 2 H + NaBF 4. When applied to simple metal carbonyls, this kind of conversion is sometimes called the Hieber base reaction. Decarboxylation of the resulting anion gives the ...