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Mucus is released in the stomach and intestine, and serves to lubricate and protect the inner mucosa of the tract. It is composed of a specific family of glycoproteins termed mucins and is generally very viscous. Mucus is made by two types of specialized cells termed mucous cells in the stomach and goblet cells in the intestines. Signals for ...
The pH of the secreted fluid can fall by 0.8. Gastrin primarily induces acid-secretion indirectly, increasing histamine synthesis in ECL cells, which in turn signal parietal cells via histamine release and H 2 stimulation. [6] Gastrin itself has no effect on the maximum histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion. [7]
The secretions of the different exocrine gastric gland cells produce a watery, acidic fluid into the stomach lumen called gastric juice. [5] [6] Gastric juice contains water, hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor, pepsinogen, and salts. Adults produce around two to three litres of gastric juice per day. [5]
Gastric acid or stomach acid is the acidic component – hydrochloric acid of gastric juice, produced by parietal cells in the gastric glands of the stomach lining. In humans, the pH is between one and three, much lower than most other animals, but is very similar to that of carrion eating carnivores , needing protection from ingesting pathogens .
A peptide hormone, gastrin, produced by G cells in the gastric glands, stimulates the production of gastric juice which activates the digestive enzymes. Pepsinogen is a precursor enzyme produced by the gastric chief cells, and gastric acid activates this to the enzyme pepsin which begins the digestion of proteins. As these two chemicals would ...
Diagram showing bicarbonate secretion to the stomach lumen. The mucus produced by these cells is extremely important, as it prevents the stomach from digesting itself. [5] Parietal cells produce potent hydrochloric acid, which damages cells. Gastric chief cells produce pepsinogen, which is activated by the acid to form pepsin. Pepsin is a ...
Several types of endocrine cells are found in the gastric glands. The pyloric glands contain gastrin -producing cells ( G cells ); this hormone stimulates acid production from the parietal cells. Enterochromaffin-like cells (ECLs), found in the oxyntic glands release histamine , which also is a powerful stimulant of the acid secretion.
Chief cells are part of fundic gland polyps (here shown in high magnification). [11]In gastric tissue, a loss of parietal cells due to chronic inflammation has been shown to affect chief cell differentiation and can induce chief cells to transdifferentiate back into neck cells and can lead to the formation of mucus cell metaplasia known as spasmolytic polypeptide expressing metaplasia (SPEM ...