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A polygene is a member of a group of non-epistatic genes that interact additively to influence a phenotypic trait, thus contributing to multiple-gene inheritance (polygenic inheritance, multigenic inheritance, quantitative inheritance [1]), a type of non-Mendelian inheritance, as opposed to single-gene inheritance, which is the core notion of Mendelian inheritance.
Phenotypes may be predicted with at least better-than-chance accuracy using a Punnett square, but the phenotype that may appear in the presence of a given genotype can in some instances be influenced by many other factors, as when polygenic inheritance and/or epigenetics are at work.
A trait can also be determined by multiple genes, known as polygenic inheritance. Genes also have different levels of penetrance, which determines how much they will be expressed. In addition, the environment affects the expression of numerous genes, therefore making the test cross inapplicable in many cases.
The infinitesimal model, also known as the polygenic model, is a widely used statistical model in quantitative genetics and in genome-wide association studies.Originally developed in 1918 by Ronald Fisher, it is based on the idea that variation in a quantitative trait is influenced by an infinitely large number of genes, each of which makes an infinitely small (infinitesimal) contribution to ...
In genetics, a polygenic score (PGS) is a number that summarizes the estimated effect of many genetic variants on an individual's phenotype. The PGS is also called the polygenic index (PGI) or genome-wide score; in the context of disease risk, it is called a polygenic risk score (PRS or PR score [1]) or genetic risk score. The score reflects an ...
Polygenic inheritance can be explained as Mendelian inheritance at many loci, [9] resulting in a trait which is normally-distributed. If n is the number of involved loci, then the coefficients of the binomial expansion of ( a + b ) 2n will give the frequency of distribution of all n allele combinations .
Patients are typically offered testing if they have either a personal or family history of cancer that meets certain criteria, Zakalik adds. Those criteria have broadened over the last few years ...
Genetic architecture is the underlying genetic basis of a phenotypic trait and its variational properties. [1] Phenotypic variation for quantitative traits is, at the most basic level, the result of the segregation of alleles at quantitative trait loci (QTL). [2]