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  2. Entropy as an arrow of time - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_as_an_arrow_of_time

    The idea that we can remember the past and not the future is called the "psychological arrow of time" and it has deep connections with Maxwell's demon and the physics of information; memory is linked to the second law of thermodynamics if one views it as correlation between brain cells (or computer bits) and the outer world: Since such ...

  3. Luminous efficiency function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminous_efficiency_function

    The small excess fractional value comes from the slight mismatch between the definition of the lumen and the peak of the luminosity function. The lumen is defined to be unity for a radiant energy of 1/683 W at a frequency of 540 THz , which corresponds to a standard air wavelength of 555.016 nm rather than 555 nm , which is the peak of the ...

  4. Luminosity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminosity

    When not qualified, the term "luminosity" means bolometric luminosity, which is measured either in the SI units, watts, or in terms of solar luminosities (L ☉).A bolometer is the instrument used to measure radiant energy over a wide band by absorption and measurement of heating.

  5. Lattice QCD - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_QCD

    Monte-Carlo is a method to pseudo-randomly sample a large space of variables. The importance sampling technique used to select the gauge configurations in the Monte-Carlo simulation imposes the use of Euclidean time, by a Wick rotation of spacetime.

  6. Luminosity (scattering theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminosity_(scattering_theory)

    In scattering theory and accelerator physics, luminosity (L) is the ratio of the number of events detected (dN) in a certain period of time (dt) to the cross-section (σ): [1]

  7. Lambda-CDM model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda-CDM_model

    The "Big Bang" scenario, with cosmic inflation and standard particle physics, is the only cosmological model consistent with the observed continuing expansion of space, the observed distribution of lighter elements in the universe (hydrogen, helium, and lithium), and the spatial texture of minute irregularities (anisotropies) in the CMB radiation.

  8. Feynman checkerboard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feynman_checkerboard

    Feynman checkerboard with two paths contributing to the sum for the propagator from (/, /) = (0, 0) to (3, 7)The Feynman checkerboard, or relativistic chessboard model, was Richard Feynman's sum-over-paths formulation of the kernel for a free spin-⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ particle moving in one spatial dimension.

  9. Atomic, molecular, and optical physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic,_molecular,_and...

    Atomic physics is the subfield of AMO that studies atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus, while molecular physics is the study of the physical properties of molecules. The term atomic physics is often associated with nuclear power and nuclear bombs, due to the synonymous use of atomic and nuclear in standard English.