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  2. Continuous or discrete variable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_or_discrete...

    In mathematics and statistics, a quantitative variable may be continuous or discrete if it is typically obtained by measuring or counting, respectively. [1] If it can take on two particular real values such that it can also take on all real values between them (including values that are arbitrarily or infinitesimally close together), the variable is continuous in that interval. [2]

  3. Expected value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_value

    For example, suppose X is a discrete random variable with values x i and corresponding probabilities p i. Now consider a weightless rod on which are placed weights, at locations x i along the rod and having masses p i (whose sum is one). The point at which the rod balances is E[X].

  4. Discrete time and continuous time - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_time_and...

    Discrete time views values of variables as occurring at distinct, separate "points in time", or equivalently as being unchanged throughout each non-zero region of time ("time period")—that is, time is viewed as a discrete variable. Thus a non-time variable jumps from one value to another as time moves from one time period to the next.

  5. Discrete-time Fourier transform - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete-time_Fourier...

    The term discrete-time refers to the fact that the transform operates on discrete data, often samples whose interval has units of time. From uniformly spaced samples it produces a function of frequency that is a periodic summation of the continuous Fourier transform of the original continuous function.

  6. Quantization (signal processing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantization_(signal...

    Quantization, in mathematics and digital signal processing, is the process of mapping input values from a large set (often a continuous set) to output values in a (countable) smaller set, often with a finite number of elements. Rounding and truncation are typical examples of quantization processes. Quantization is involved to some degree in ...

  7. Root mean square - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_mean_square

    The RMS value of a set of values (or a continuous-time waveform) is the square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of the values, or the square of the function that defines the continuous waveform. In the case of a set of n values {,, …,}, the RMS is

  8. Discretization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discretization

    Dichotomization is the special case of discretization in which the number of discrete classes is 2, which can approximate a continuous variable as a binary variable (creating a dichotomy for modeling purposes, as in binary classification). Discretization is also related to discrete mathematics, and is an important component of granular computing.

  9. Discrete calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_calculus

    The discrete analogue of Green's theorem is applied in an instrument known as a planimeter, which is used to calculate the area of a flat surface on a drawing. For example, it can be used to calculate the amount of area taken up by an irregularly shaped flower bed or swimming pool when designing the layout of a piece of property.