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Formulations that include neem oil have found wide usage as a biopesticide for horticulturists [4] and for organic farming, as it repels a wide variety of insect pests including mealy bugs, beet armyworms, aphids, cabbage worms, thrips, whiteflies, mites, fungus gnats, beetles, moth larvae, mushroom flies, leaf miners, caterpillars, locusts, nematodes and Japanese beetles.
Neem cake organic manure is the by-product obtained in the process of cold pressing of neem tree fruits and kernels, and the solvent extraction process for neem oil cake. It is a potential source of organic manure under the Bureau of Indian Standards, Specification No. 8558. Neem has demonstrated considerable potential as a fertilizer.
Neem gum is a natural extracted from Neem tree by induced or natural injury. Neem gum is clear, bright and amber-coloured material [ 1 ] non-bitter in taste and is soluble in cold water. It is used as a bulking agent and for the preparation of special purpose food (those for diabetics).
The genus Azadirachta was established by Adrien-Henri de Jussieu in 1830. [1] In 1753, Carl Linnaeus had described two species, Melia azedarach and Melia azadirachta. [3] De Jussieu considered Melia azadirachta to be sufficiently different from Melia azedarach to be placed in a new genus, Azadirachta, as Azadirachta indica. [4]
Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, margosa, nimtree or Indian lilac, [3] is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is one of the two species in the genus Azadirachta . It is native to the Indian subcontinent and to parts of Southeast Asia , but is naturalized and grown around the world in tropical and subtropical areas.
Azadirachtin is formed via an elaborate biosynthetic pathway, but is believed that the steroid tirucallol is the precursor to the neem triterpenoid secondary metabolites. Tirucallol is formed from two units of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to form a C 30 triterpene, but then loses three methyl groups to become a C 27 steroid.
A diluted neem oil spray repels insects and smothers those that come into contact with it, ultimately killing most insects that ingest the product within 1–3 days. [ citation needed ] Castor oil , derived from the castor tree seed, gives a coated surface an unpleasant taste to rodents, such as rats, moles, voles, and gophers that may ...
Raised bed gardening. Raised-bed gardening is a form of gardening in which the soil is raised above ground level and usually enclosed in some way. Raised bed structures can be made of wood, rock, concrete or other materials, and can be of any size or shape. [1] The soil is usually enriched with compost. [2]