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Leishmaniasis is a wide array of clinical manifestations caused by protozoal parasites of the Trypanosomatida genus Leishmania. [7] It is generally spread through the bite of phlebotomine sandflies, Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia, and occurs most frequently in the tropics and sub-tropics of Africa, Asia, the Americas, and southern Europe.
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar (Hindi: kālā āzār, "black sickness") [2] or "black fever", is the most severe form of leishmaniasis and, without proper diagnosis and treatment, is associated with high fatality. [3] Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania.
Dandy fever: Dengue fever [4] A reference to the mincing walk adopted by those affected. Dropsy: Edema [6] Dum-dum fever: Leishmaniasis [7] The term is derived from the city of Dum Dum, the site of an outbreak. English disease: Rickets [8] So named due to its prevalence in English slums. French disease: Syphilis [9] Used as an ethnic slur ...
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Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. [1] One to seven days after exposure to the bacteria, flu-like symptoms develop. [1] These symptoms include fever, headaches, and vomiting, [1] as well as swollen and painful lymph nodes occurring in the area closest to where the bacteria entered the skin. [2]
Pontiac fever is known to have a short incubation period of 1 to 3 days. No fatalities have been reported and cases resolve spontaneously without treatment. [8] It is often not reported. [9] Age, gender, and smoking do not seem to be risk factors. Pontiac fever seems to affect young people in the age medians of 29 to 32.
A viral hemorrhagic fever is a possible cause of the Plague of Athens during the Peloponnesian War. [13] A viral hemorrhagic fever is an alternate theory of the cause of the Black Death and the Plague of Justinian [14] The initial, and currently only, outbreak of Lujo virus in September–October 2008 left four of five patients dead. [15]
The cause of this disease is Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype O1. 95% are subtype O1b. [citation needed] Yersinia pseudotuberculosis has been divided into 6 genetic groups: group 1 has only been isolated from the Far East. [4]