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Meckel's cartilage is a piece of cartilage from which the mandibles (lower jaws) of vertebrates evolved. Originally it was the lower of two cartilages which supported the first branchial arch in early fish. Then it grew longer and stronger, and acquired muscles capable of closing the developing jaw. [1]
The function of the sphenomandibular ligament is to limit distension of the mandible in an inferior direction. It is slack when the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is in closed position; it is taut when the condyle of the mandible is situated anterior to the temporomandibular ligament. [2]
It is a vestige of the embryonic lower jaw, Meckel cartilage. The ligament becomes accentuated and taut when the mandible is protruded. [4] Other ligaments, called "oto-mandibular ligaments", [5] [6] [7] connect the middle ear with the temporomandibular joint: discomallear (or disco-malleolar) ligament,
Premaxilla, maxilla, mandible (only as a model for mandible not actual formation of mandible), zygomatic bone, part of the temporal bone, [19] the incus, and the malleus of the middle ear, also Meckel's cartilage and the sphenomandibular ligament. Trigeminal nerve (part of V2 [20] and V3) Maxillary artery, external carotid artery, Vidian artery
The mandible forms as a bone (ossifies) from Meckel's cartilage, which forms the cartilaginous bar of the mandibular arch and, dorsally, parts of the middle ear. [15] The two sides of the jawbone are inferiorly fused at the mandibular symphysis (the chin) during the first year of life. [6]
The mandibular prominence, or mandibular process is an embryological structure which gives rise to the lower portion of the face. The mandible and lower lip derive from it. [1] The mesenchymal cells within the mandibular prominence condense to form Meckel's cartilage. [2] It is innervated by the mandibular nerve. [3]
In some fishes, the palatoquadrate is the dorsal component of the mandibular arch, the ventral one being Meckel's cartilage. The palatoquadrate forms from splanchnocranium in various chordates including placoderms and acanthodians. [1]
The artificial cartilage displayed the same strength and modulus as natural cartilage in terms of tension and compression, and was the first lab-created option to exhibit cartilage-equivalent tensile fatigue strength. [16] The hydrogel needs to undergo further lab testing before researchers determine if it can be moved to clinical use. [17]