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A pencil (/ ˈ p ɛ n s ə l / ⓘ) is a writing or drawing implement with a solid pigment core in a protective casing that reduces the risk of core breakage and keeps it from marking the user's hand. Pencils create marks by physical abrasion, leaving a trail of solid core material that adheres to a sheet of paper or other surface.
Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man (c. 1485) Accademia, Venice. Drawing is a visual art that uses an instrument to mark paper or another two-dimensional surface. The instruments used to make a drawing are pencils, crayons, pens with inks, brushes with paints, or combinations of these, and in more modern times, computer styluses with graphics tablets or gamepads in VR drawing software.
Colored pencils are made in a wide range of price, quality and usability, from student-grade to professional-grade. Concentration of pigments in the core, lightfastness of the pigments, durability of the colored pencil, and softness of the core are some determinants of a brand's quality and, consequently, its market price.
The "Eagle Pencil Company" was founded by Franconian immigrant Daniel Berolzheimer from Fürth [6] [7] in 1856 opening a pencil shop in New York City and a factory in Yonkers. In 1894 the company extended its business opening office, warehouse and showrooms in London. [8] Eagle Pencil Co. ad, c. 1900
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A mechanical pencil or clutch pencil is a pencil with a replaceable and mechanically extendable solid pigment core called a "lead" / ˈ l ɛ d /. The lead , often made of graphite , is not bonded to the outer casing, and the user can mechanically extend it as its point is worn away from use.
Pencil drawings were not known before the 17th century, [1] with the modern concept of pencil drawings taking shape in the 18th and 19th centuries. [1] Pencil drawings succeeded the older metalpoint drawing stylus, which used metal instead of graphite. [1] Modern artists continue to use the graphite pencil for artworks and sketches. [1]
At the 1889 World Fair in Paris, the Hardtmuths displayed their pencils rebranded as "Koh-I-Noor Hardtmuth". Each pencil was encased in a yellow cedar -wood barrel. The inspiration for the name was the Koh-i-Noor diamond (Persian for "Mountain of Light"), part of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom, and the largest diamond in the world at ...