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It arises due to the fact that when the d-orbitals are split in a ligand field (as described above), some of them become lower in energy than before with respect to a spherical field known as the barycenter in which all five d-orbitals are degenerate. For example, in an octahedral case, the t 2g set becomes lower in energy than the orbitals in ...
For example, the ground state of a carbon atom is 3 P (Term symbol). The superscript three (read as triplet) indicates that the multiplicity 2S+1 = 3, so that the total spin S = 1. This spin is due to two unpaired electrons, as a result of Hund's rule which favors the single filling of degenerate orbitals. The triplet consists of three states ...
Molecular orbitals are said to be degenerate if they have the same energy. For example, in the homonuclear diatomic molecules of the first ten elements, the molecular orbitals derived from the p x and the p y atomic orbitals result in two degenerate bonding orbitals (of low energy) and two degenerate antibonding orbitals (of high energy). [13]
The Jahn–Teller effect – splitting of electronic levels in a molecule because breaking the symmetry lowers the energy when the degenerate orbitals are partially filled. Resonance (chemistry) leads to creation of delocalized electron states. (Feynman 1965, chapter 10, § 4)
Therefore, the phenomenon is the opposite of that normally found in matter where if the mass of the matter is increased, the object becomes bigger. In degenerate gas, when the mass is increased, the particles become spaced closer together due to gravity (and the pressure is increased), so the object becomes smaller.
Degenerate matter: Matter under very high pressure, supported by the Pauli exclusion principle. Electron-degenerate matter: Found inside white dwarf stars. Electrons remain bound to atoms but can transfer to adjacent atoms. Neutron-degenerate matter: Found in neutron stars.
In chemistry, a diradical is a molecular species with two electrons occupying molecular orbitals (MOs) which are degenerate. [1] [2] The term "diradical" is mainly used to describe organic compounds, where most diradicals are extremely reactive and non-Kekulé molecules that are rarely isolated.
When creating the molecular orbitals from the p orbitals, the three atomic orbitals split into three molecular orbitals, a singly degenerate σ and a doubly degenerate π orbital. Another property we can observe by examining molecular orbital diagrams is the magnetic property of diamagnetic or paramagnetic. If all the electrons are paired ...