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where denotes the number of moles of the reactant or product and is the stoichiometric number [4] of the reactant or product. Although less common, we see from this expression that since the stoichiometric number can either be considered to be dimensionless or to have units of moles, conversely the extent of reaction can either be considered to ...
[14] [15] It is said to be an improper fraction, or sometimes top-heavy fraction, [16] if the absolute value of the fraction is greater than or equal to 1. Examples of proper fractions are 2/3, −3/4, and 4/9, whereas examples of improper fractions are 9/4, −4/3, and 3/3.
In fractions like "2 nanometers per meter" (2 n m / m = 2 nano = 2×10 −9 = 2 ppb = 2 × 0.000 000 001), so the quotients are pure-number coefficients with positive values less than or equal to 1. When parts-per notations, including the percent symbol (%), are used in regular prose (as opposed to mathematical expressions), they are still pure ...
For example, in the reaction CH 4 + 2 O 2 → CO 2 + 2 H 2 O, the stoichiometric number of CH 4 is −1, the stoichiometric number of O 2 is −2, for CO 2 it would be +1 and for H 2 O it is +2. In more technically precise terms, the stoichiometric number in a chemical reaction system of the i -th component is defined as
An increase of $0.15 on a price of $2.50 is an increase by a fraction of 0.15 / 2.50 = 0.06. Expressed as a percentage, this is a 6% increase. While many percentage values are between 0 and 100, there is no mathematical restriction and percentages may take on other values. [4]
Molar concentration or molarity is most commonly expressed in units of moles of solute per litre of solution. [1] For use in broader applications, it is defined as amount of substance of solute per unit volume of solution, or per unit volume available to the species, represented by lowercase : [2]
The "dilution factor" is an expression which describes the ratio of the aliquot volume to the final volume. Dilution factor is a notation often used in commercial assays.
Only the fraction of the mass and energy labeled "atoms" is composed of elements. Only about 4% of the total mass of the universe is made of atoms or ions, and thus represented by elements. This fraction is about 15% of the total matter, with the remainder of the matter (85%) being dark matter. The nature of dark matter is unknown, but it is ...