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The Spanish transition to democracy, known in Spain as la Transición (IPA: [la tɾansiˈθjon]; ' the Transition ') or la Transición española (' the Spanish Transition '), is a period of modern Spanish history encompassing the regime change that moved from the Francoist dictatorship to the consolidation of a parliamentary system, in the form of constitutional monarchy under Juan Carlos I.
In the history of contemporary Spain, the death of caudillo Francisco Franco on 20 November 1975 marked the beginning of the Spanish transition to democracy, the establishment of the parliamentary monarchy and the subsequent accession of King Juan Carlos I to the throne.
Spanish transition to democracy: The transition began. 1977: 15 June: First democratic election since 1934. 1978: 27 December: The Spanish Constitution of 1978 was signed by the King. Autonomous communities of Spain: 1981: Spanish society after the democratic transition: A democratic society was established. 23 February
Most of those Laws theoretically provided for a quite free state, but ultimately the power of the Caudillo was supreme. They established the very institutions that would later, under Juan Carlos I and Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez, commit "constitutional suicide" and pass the Political Reform Act, starting the Spanish transition to democracy.
Transition to democracy (1975–1978) Current constitution (1978) 1981 coup d'état attempt; Madrid train bombings (2004) 2008–2014 financial crisis; 2017 Barcelona attacks; Catalan declaration of independence (2017) COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022)
During Spanish elections in the transition period, women favored centrist political parties and disavowed more the extremist elements like ETA, Herri Batasuna (HB), Catalan nationalists ERC, and Galician radicals. [1] In the transition period, HOAC, JEC, Comisiones Obreras and UGT were largely focused on the creation of a new Spanish democracy.
It is one of the key events in the Spanish Transition. The Act was passed on 18 November 1976, by the Francoist Parliament and then overwhelmingly approved by referendum one month later. It was the last of the Fundamental Laws of the Francoist State. [3] Six months later, Spain celebrated its first democratic elections since 1936. [4]
The Social Democratic Party (Spanish: Partido Social Demócrata; PSD) was a Spanish social democratic political party, founded in 1976 during the democratic transition. The leaders of the PSD were Rafael Arias-Salgado and Francisco Fernández Ordóñez.