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USB device communication is based on pipes (logical channels). A pipe connects the host controller to a logical entity within a device, called an endpoint. Because pipes correspond to endpoints, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. Each USB device can have up to 32 endpoints (16 in and 16 out), though it is rare to have so many ...
Many device interfaces or protocols (e.g., SATA, USB, SAS, PCIe) are used both inside many-device boxes, such as a PC, and one-device-boxes, such as a hard drive enclosure. Accordingly, this page lists both the internal ribbon and external communications cable standards together in one sortable table.
USB 3.0 port provided by an ExpressCard-to-USB 3.0 adapter may be connected to a separately-powered USB 3.0 hub, with external devices connected to that USB 3.0 hub. On the motherboards of desktop PCs which have PCI Express (PCIe) slots (or the older PCI standard), USB 3.0 support can be added as a PCI Express expansion card.
A USB and DP certification service lists USB Gen 1 cables ("5 Gbps") as supporting UHBR10 speeds, which would fit for having the same requirements as USB4 "20 Gbps" connections. [ 51 ] Anandtech reports [ 52 ] that "this also means that DP Alt Mode 2.0 should largely work with USB4-compliant cables, although VESA is being careful to avoid ...
To allow for voltage drops, the voltage at the host port, hub port, and device are specified to be at least 4.75 V, 4.4 V, and 4.35 V respectively by USB 2.0 for low-power devices, [a] but must be at least 4.75 V at all locations for high-power [b] devices (however, high-power devices are required to operate as a low-powered device so that they ...
Attempts by the guest operating system to access the hardware are routed to the virtual device driver in the host operating system as e.g., function calls. The virtual device driver can also send simulated processor-level events like interrupts into the virtual machine. Virtual devices may also operate in a non-virtualized environment.
Retrieval of the descriptors would especially allow for determining the USB Class, VID, and PID, which are often used for determining the correct USB driver for the device. A USB device can be located by the bus:device address, or by the hub:port address. [16] Also, after the descriptors is retrieved, the host performs another control transfer ...
USB-C, or USB Type-C, is a 24-pin, reversible connector (not a protocol) that supersedes previous USB connectors and can carry audio, video, and other data, to connect to monitors, external drives, hubs/docking stations, mobile phones, and many more peripheral devices. It can also provide and receive power, to power, e.g., a laptop or a mobile ...