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There is a broad range of possible target behaviors: doing self-care such as washing, attending scheduled activities, having good academic behavior, or avoiding disruptive behavior. A token economy is more than just using exchangeable tokens. [3] For a token economy to work, criteria have to be specified and clear.
Jack Michael (January 16, 1926 – November 12, 2020) was an American psychologist and professor at Western Michigan University.He developed one of the first token economies, the concept of motivating operations (MOs), and is a pioneer of what is now referred to as applied behavior analysis (ABA, also called behavioral engineering).
Chore chart; Behavior charts Single behavior charts; Multiple behavior charts; Homework charts; Toilet training charts; Single behavior charts can be used for all ages and is best used for learning one skill at a time. Multiple behavior charts also can be used for a variety of ages and can be used for processes that require several steps. [3]
One behavioral activation approach to depression had participants create a hierarchy of reinforcing activities, rank-ordered by difficulty. Participants then tracked goals along with clinicians who used a token economy to reinforce success in moving through the hierarchy of activities, being measured before and after by the Beck Depression Inventory.
“A Review of Theodoro Ayllon and Nathan Azrin: The Token Economy: A Motivational System for Therapy and Rehabilitation,” Reviewed by Aubrey C. Daniels, Contemporary Psychology. “Verbal Behavior in Group Psychotherapy,” Aubrey C. Daniels’ unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 1965.
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Token economies is a behaviour therapy technique where clients are reinforced with tokens that are considered a type of currency that can be used to purchase desired rewards, like being able to watch television or getting a snack that they want when they perform designated behaviours. [66]
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