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  2. Adaptation (eye) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation_(eye)

    Rods and cones are responsible for vision and connected to the visual cortex. ipRGCs are more connected to body clock functions and other parts of the brain but not the visual cortex. Rods and cones can be easily distinguished by their structure. Cone photoreceptors are conical in shape and contain cone opsins as their visual pigments.

  3. Rod cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_cell

    A rod cell is sensitive enough to respond to a single photon of light [11] and is about 100 times more sensitive to a single photon than cones. Since rods require less light to function than cones, they are the primary source of visual information at night (scotopic vision). Cone cells, on the other hand, require tens to hundreds of photons to ...

  4. Photoreceptor cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell

    The two classic photoreceptor cells are rods and cones, each contributing information used by the visual system to form an image of the environment, sight. Rods primarily mediate scotopic vision (dim conditions) whereas cones primarily mediate photopic vision (bright conditions), but the processes in each that supports phototransduction is ...

  5. Night vision - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_vision

    Night vision is the ability to see in low-light conditions, ... more rods than cones (or rods exclusively) ... to augment the situational awareness of pilots to ...

  6. Visual phototransduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_phototransduction

    Visual phototransduction is the sensory transduction process of the visual system by which light is detected by photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) in the vertebrate retina.A photon is absorbed by a retinal chromophore (each bound to an opsin), which initiates a signal cascade through several intermediate cells, then through the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) comprising the optic nerve.

  7. Blind spot (vision) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_(vision)

    Distribution of rods and cones along a line passing through the fovea and the blind spot of a human eye [1]. A blind spot, scotoma, is an obscuration of the visual field.A particular blind spot known as the physiological blind spot, "blind point", or punctum caecum in medical literature, is the place in the visual field that corresponds to the lack of light-detecting photoreceptor cells on the ...

  8. Spectral sensitivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_sensitivity

    It is known that the rod cells are more suited to scotopic vision and cone cells to photopic vision, and that they differ in their sensitivity to different wavelengths of light. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It has been established that the maximum spectral sensitivity of the human eye under daylight conditions is at a wavelength of 555 nm , while at night the ...

  9. Dark adaptor goggles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_adaptor_goggles

    Dark adaptor goggles are goggles made with red-tinted plastic lenses. Dark adaptor goggles were invented by Wilhelm Trendelenburg in 1916. [1] The concept is based on the work by Antoine Béclère on dark adaptation of the eye, where it is noted that fluoroscopy relies on the use of the retinal rods of the eye.