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Emmer is a hybrid species of wheat, producing edible seeds that have been used as food since ancient times. The domesticated types are Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum and T. t. conv. durum . The wild plant is called T. t. subsp. dicoccoides .
Farro is made from any of three species of hulled wheat (those that retain their husks tightly and cannot be threshed): spelt (Triticum spelta), emmer (Triticum dicoccum), and einkorn (Triticum monococcum). [3] In Italian cuisine, the three species are sometimes distinguished as farro grande, farro medio, and farro piccolo. [4]
Hitah (חִיטָּה ḥīṭṭā) – wheat; Kusmin (כּוּסְמִין kūsmīn) – spelt, but modernly taken to refer to emmer wheat; Seorah (שְׂעוֹרָה śəʿōrā) – barley; Shibolet shual (שִׁיבּוֹלֶת שׁוּעָל šībōleṯ šūʿāl) – oats or two-rowed barley. [3] The name literally means "fox ear".
Wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccoides) is less widespread than einkorn, favouring the rocky basaltic and limestone soils found in the hilly flanks of the Fertile Crescent. [14] It is also more diverse, with domesticated varieties falling into two major groups: hulled or non-shattering, in which threshing separates the whole ...
Recent research on the genetic potential of the wild emmer discovered by Aaronsohn. Abstract of "Evolutionary agriculture domestication of wild emmer wheat" by Junhua Peng & Eviatar Nevo. Chapter 8 (pp. 193–255) of New Horizons in Evolution.
Bread wheat is an allohexaploid – a combination of six sets of chromosomes from different species. Of the six sets of chromosomes, four come from emmer (Triticum turgidum, itself a tetraploid) and two from Aegilops tauschii (a wild diploid goatgrass).
As for crops, emmer wheat and barley are found in the Faiyum at the sites of Kom K and Kom W, dated ca. 4500-4200 BC. [8] [7] Plentiful pottery is found at these sites, but there is little evidence of permanent structures being built. The Merimde culture is dated from around 4800 to 4300 BC. These peoples came to develop a fully agricultural ...
The tetraploid wild wheats are wild emmer, T. dicoccoides, and T. araraticum. Wild emmer is the ancestor of all the domesticated tetraploid wheats, with one exception: T. araraticum is the wild ancestor of T. timopheevii. [13] There are no wild hexaploid wheats, although feral forms of common wheat are sometimes found.
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