Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
This second addition can be reversed using the Hooker modification, though it is also costly. The second step shares the low conversion rate and high selectivity of the first step. The small amount conversion per reaction offsets the monetary benefit of recycling the hydrogen chloride due to the large initial cost of the reaction.
The staged combustion cycle is sometimes referred to as closed cycle, as opposed to the gas generator, or open cycle where a portion of propellant never reaches the main combustion chamber. The disadvantage is engineering complexity, partly a result of the preburner exhaust of hot and highly pressurized gas which, particularly when oxidizer ...
Chlorine is slightly more selective, but still reacts with most metals and heavier nonmetals. Following the usual trend, bromine is less reactive and iodine least of all. Of the many reactions possible, illustrative is the formation of gold(III) chloride by the chlorination of gold.
Chlorobenzene (abbreviated PhCl) is an aryl chloride and the simplest of the chlorobenzenes, consisting of a benzene ring substituted with one chlorine atom. Its chemical formula is C 6 H 5 Cl. This colorless, flammable liquid is a common solvent and a widely used intermediate in the manufacture of other chemicals.
A good example of a substitution reaction is halogenation. When chlorine gas (Cl 2) is irradiated, some of the molecules are split into two chlorine radicals (Cl•), whose free electrons are strongly nucleophilic. One of them breaks a C–H covalent bond in CH 4 and grabs the hydrogen atom to form the electrically neutral HCl.
Two free radicals (chlorine and chlorine, chlorine and methyl, or methyl and methyl) combine: Methane chlorination: termination The last possibility generates in an impurity in the final mixture (notably, an organic molecule with a longer carbon chain than the reactants). The net reaction is: Methane chlorination overall reaction
A halogen addition reaction is a simple organic reaction where a halogen molecule is added to the carbon–carbon double bond of an alkene functional group. [1] The general chemical formula of the halogen addition reaction is: C=C + X 2 → X−C−C−X (X represents the halogens bromine or chlorine, and in this case, a solvent could be CH 2 ...
The reaction mechanism for chlorination of benzene is the same as bromination of benzene. Iron(III) bromide and iron(III) chloride become inactivated if they react with water, including moisture in the air. Therefore, they are generated by adding iron filings to bromine or chlorine. Here is the mechanism of this reaction: