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The 2015 European migrant crisis was a period of significantly increased movement of refugees and migrants into Europe, namely from the Middle East.An estimated 1.3 million people came to the continent to request asylum, [2] the most in a single year since World War II. [3]
Rescued male migrants are brought to southern Italian ports, 28 June 2015. Immigration to Europe has a long history, but increased substantially after World War II. Western European countries, especially, saw high growth in immigration post 1945, and many European nations today (particularly those of the EU-15) have sizeable immigrant populations, both of European and non-European origin.
European Commissioner Ylva Johansson warned member states of legal consequences if they fail to enforce the Pact. [10] The New Pact on Migration and Asylum, also known as the EU Migration Pact [11] [12] or the EU Asylum and Migration Pact, [13] [14] is a set of new European Union rules concerning migration set to take effect in June 2026. [15]
Around November 2015, some European countries restricted family reunions for refugees, and started campaigns to dissuade people worldwide to migrate to Europe. EU leaders also quietly encouraged Balkan governments to only allow nationals from the most war-torn countries (Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq) to pass into the EU.
Most of the refugees entering Western and Central Europe around this time came by land via the so-called "Balkan route." According to an EU law (the Dublin regulation ), refugees were required to file asylum claims in the first EU country they set foot in, which for about the 85% of sea arrivals was Greece , and for about 15%, Italy . [ 50 ]
Moria Refugee Camp is Europe's largest refugee camp and is located on Lesvos Island, Greece. Moria Refugee Camp was originally designed for 3,500 people, however it currently holds more than 20,000 people. [22] Moria Refugee Camp is considered by many in the international community as an unsafe environment for women and children.
Displacement is a long lasting reality for most refugees. Two-thirds of all refugees around the world have been displaced for over three years, which is known as being in 'protracted displacement'. 50% of refugees—around 10 million people—have been displaced for over ten years.
Undocumented migration from Africa to Europe is significant. Many people from less developed African countries embark on the dangerous journey for Europe, in hopes of a better life. In parts of Africa, particularly North Africa (Morocco, Mauritania, and Libya), trafficking immigrants to Europe has become more lucrative than drug trafficking.