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The Fredholm alternative is the statement that, for every non-zero fixed complex number, either the first equation has a non-trivial solution, or the second equation has a solution for all (). A sufficient condition for this statement to be true is for K ( x , y ) {\displaystyle K(x,y)} to be square integrable on the rectangle [ a , b ] × [ a ...
In mathematics, Fredholm theory is a theory of integral equations. In the narrowest sense, Fredholm theory concerns itself with the solution of the Fredholm integral equation. In a broader sense, the abstract structure of Fredholm's theory is given in terms of the spectral theory of Fredholm operators and Fredholm kernels on Hilbert space.
In mathematics, Fredholm solvability encompasses results and techniques for solving differential and integral equations via the Fredholm alternative and, more generally, the Fredholm-type properties of the operator involved. The concept is named after Erik Ivar Fredholm. Let A be a real n × n-matrix and a vector
One of Fredholm's theorems, closely related to the Fredholm alternative, concerns the existence of solutions to the inhomogeneous Fredholm equation (,) = ().Solutions to this equation exist if and only if the function () is orthogonal to the complete set of solutions {()} of the corresponding homogeneous adjoint equation:
A crucial property of compact operators is the Fredholm alternative, which asserts that the existence of solution of linear equations of the form (+) = (where K is a compact operator, f is a given function, and u is the unknown function to be solved for) behaves much like as in finite dimensions.
In mathematics, the analytic Fredholm theorem is a result concerning the existence of bounded inverses for a family of bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space. It is the basis of two classical and important theorems, the Fredholm alternative and the Hilbert–Schmidt theorem. The result is named after the Swedish mathematician Erik Ivar ...
In mathematics, Fredholm operators are certain operators that arise in the Fredholm theory of integral equations.They are named in honour of Erik Ivar Fredholm.By definition, a Fredholm operator is a bounded linear operator T : X → Y between two Banach spaces with finite-dimensional kernel and finite-dimensional (algebraic) cokernel = / , and with closed range .
Farkas's lemma can be varied to many further theorems of alternative by simple modifications, [5] such as Gordan's theorem: Either < has a solution x, or = has a nonzero solution y with y ≥ 0. Common applications of Farkas' lemma include proving the strong duality theorem associated with linear programming and the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker ...