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The GGSN together with the SGSN handle packet transmissions between the GPRS network and external packet-switched networks, such as the Internet or an X.25 network. From an external network's point of view, the GGSN is a router to a "sub-network", because the GGSN ‘hides’ the GPRS infrastructure from the external network.
An 'Access Point Name' (APN) is the name of a gateway [2] between a mobile network (GSM, GPRS, 3G, 4G and 5G) and another computer network, frequently the public Internet. [3] Some Important APN Terms: Below are some terms of the APN settings, explaining what each setting stands for: APN: The APN address of your (mobile network operator) MNOs.
When the subscriber sends a Short Message, the handset sends the text message over the air interface to the Mobile Switching Center (MSC)/Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN). Along with the actual text of the Short Message, the destination address of the SM and the address of the Short Message service center (SMSC) are included, the latter taken ...
GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) is a group of IP-based communications protocols used to carry general packet radio service (GPRS) within GSM, UMTS, LTE and 5G NR radio networks. In 3GPP architectures, GTP and Proxy Mobile IPv6 based interfaces are specified on various interface points.
The GPRS system is an integrated part of the GSM network switching subsystem. [7] [8] [9] GPRS is a best-effort service, implying variable throughput and latency that depend on the number of other users sharing the service concurrently, as opposed to circuit switching, where a certain quality of service (QoS) is
System Architecture Evolution (SAE) is the core network architecture of mobile communications protocol group 3GPP's LTE wireless communication standard.. SAE is the evolution of the GPRS Core Network, but with a simplified architecture; an all-IP Network (AIPN); support for higher throughput and lower latency radio access networks (RANs); and support for, and mobility between, multiple ...
The WAP Forum was founded in 1998 by Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia and Unwired Planet. [14] It aimed primarily to bring together the various wireless technologies in a standardised protocol. [15] In 2002, the WAP Forum was consolidated (along with multiple other forums of the industry) into Open Mobile Alliance (OMA). [16]
A GPRS roaming exchange (GRX) acts as a hub for General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) connections from roaming users, removing the need for a dedicated link between each GPRS service provider. It was developed to facilitate a more efficient way for operators to interconnect networks, and played a large part in the transition to third-generation ...