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As long as the load of a ship remains stable, G is fixed (relative to the ship). For small angles, M can also be considered to be fixed, while B moves as the ship heels. The metacentric height (GM) is a measurement of the initial static stability of a floating body. [1]
Ship stability is an area of naval architecture and ship design that deals with how a ship behaves at sea, both in still water and in waves, whether intact or damaged. Stability calculations focus on centers of gravity , centers of buoyancy , the metacenters of vessels, and on how these interact.
The vessel is in normal operational configuration. The hull is not breached in any compartment. The vessel will be expected to meet various stability criteria such as GMt (metacentric height), area under the GZ (righting lever) curve, range of stability, trim, etc.
A liquid hitting a wall in a container will cause sloshing. The free surface effect is a mechanism which can cause a watercraft to become unstable and capsize. [1]It refers to the tendency of liquids — and of unbound aggregates of small solid objects, like seeds, gravel, or crushed ore, whose behavior approximates that of liquids — to move in response to changes in the attitude of a craft ...
Angle of loll is the state of a ship that is unstable when upright (i.e. has a negative metacentric height) and therefore takes on an angle of heel to either port or starboard. When a vessel has negative metacentric height (GM) i.e. , is in unstable equilibrium, any external force applied to the vessel will cause it to start heeling.
This includes information on precautions against capsizing, metacentric heights (GM), righting levers (GZ), rolling criteria, Free surface effect and watertight integrity. [ 1 ] The 2008 version of the Code details guidelines on Second Generation Intact Stability for ships, specifically criteria for dynamic stability and damage assessment.
2b) "If a ship floods, the loss of stability is caused by the increase in KB, the centre of buoyancy, and the loss of waterplane area - thus a loss of the waterplane moment of inertia - which decreases the metacentric height" Interesting. in 2a) it was claimed that increase in KB improves stability and makes the hull stiff, now it's just the ...
A heavily listing ship The angle of list is the degree to which a vessel heels (leans or tilts) to either port or starboard at equilibrium—with no external forces acting upon it. [ 1 ] If a listing ship goes beyond the point where a righting moment will keep it afloat, it will capsize and potentially sink.