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The Müller AO Classification of fractures is a system for classifying bone fractures initially published in 1987 [1] by the AO Foundation as a method of categorizing injuries according to therognosis of the patient's anatomical and functional outcome. "AO" is an initialism for the German "Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen", the ...
Open fracture, wound > 1 cm but < 10 cm in length [4] without extensive soft-tissue damage, flaps, avulsions IIIA: Open fracture with adequate soft tissue coverage of a fractured bone despite extensive soft tissue laceration or flaps, or high-energy trauma (gunshot and farm injuries) regardless of the size of the wound [5] [6] IIIB
An ankle fracture is a break of one or more of the bones that make up the ankle joint. [1] Symptoms may include pain, swelling, bruising , and an inability to walk on the injured leg. [ 1 ] Complications may include an associated high ankle sprain , compartment syndrome , stiffness, malunion , and post-traumatic arthritis .
The severity of open fractures can vary. For diagnosing and classifying open fractures, Gustilo-Anderson open fracture classification is the most commonly used method. [2] This classification system can also be used to guide treatment, and to predict clinical outcomes.
Medial malleolus transverse fracture or disruption of deltoid ligament; Pronation-Abduction: Medial malleolus transverse fracture or disruption of deltoid ligament; Anterior tibiofibular ligament sprain; Transverse comminuted fracture of the fibula above the level of the syndesmosis; Pronation-External rotation
Studies have shown [3] that bimalleolar fractures are more common in women, people over 60 years of age, and patients with existing comorbidities. [3] A trimalleolar fracture is a fracture of the ankle that involves the lateral malleolus, the medial malleolus, and the distal posterior aspect of the tibia, which can be termed the posterior ...
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The Danis–Weber classification (often known just as the Weber classification) is a method of describing ankle fractures. It has three categories: [1] Type A. Fracture of the fibula distal to the syndesmosis (the connection between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula). Typical features: below level of the ankle joint; tibiofibular ...