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The racial achievement gap in the United States refers to disparities in educational achievement between differing ethnic/racial groups. [1] It manifests itself in a variety of ways: African-American and Hispanic students are more likely to earn lower grades, score lower on standardized tests, drop out of high school, and they are less likely to enter and complete college than whites, while ...
Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography (also known as AP Human Geo, AP Geography, APHG, AP HuGe, APHug, AP Human, HuGS, AP HuGo, or HGAP) is an Advanced Placement social studies course in human geography for high school, usually freshmen students in the US, culminating in an exam administered by the College Board. [1]
Barrioization or barriorization is a theory developed by Chicano scholars Albert Camarillo and Richard Griswold del Castillo to explain the historical formation and maintenance of ethnically segregated neighborhoods of Chicanos and Latinos in the United States.
Today, the pedagogical practice of tracking in schools also leads to de facto segregation within some public schools as racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately overrepresented in lower track classes and white students are disproportionately overrepresented in AP and college prep classes. [65] [66]
The South Carolina Department of Education eliminated funding of AP African American Studies in public schools, sparking criticism from civil rights leaders and accusations of "whitewashing" history. It is the third state to ban or restrict the course, following Florida and Arkansas.
France, unlike many other Western European countries (including Britain), has avoided adopting race-conscious policies. [5] Variations in these policies between Britain and France are in large part due to the different frames through which the policies were portrayed in the two countries.
The education of the Negro in the American social order (1934) online; Bond, Horace Mann. Negro education in Alabama: a study in cotton and steel (1939) online; Bullock, Henry Allen. A history of Negro education in the South, from 1619 to the present (Harvard UP, 1967), a standard scholarly history online; Bush, V. Barbara, et al. eds.
While the government program of Japanese American internment targeted all the Japanese in America as enemies, most German and Italian Americans were left in peace and were allowed to serve in the U.S. military. Pressure to end racial segregation in the government grew among African Americans and progressives after the end of World War II.