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Fluid friction describes the friction between layers of a viscous fluid that are moving relative to each other. [7] [8] Lubricated friction is a case of fluid friction where a lubricant fluid separates two solid surfaces. [9] [10] [11] Skin friction is a component of drag, the force resisting the motion of a fluid across the surface of a body.
[51]: 2–3 Various types of bearing and/or lubricant may be used to reduce friction at the interface between two components. [52] In biological joints such as the human knee, friction is reduced by means of cartilage with a very low friction coefficient, as well as lubricating synovial fluid, which has very low viscosity. [53]
Tribology is the science and engineering of understanding friction, lubrication and wear phenomena for interacting surfaces in relative motion.It is highly interdisciplinary, drawing on many academic fields, including physics, chemistry, materials science, mathematics, biology and engineering. [1]
The study of the structure and function of biological systems by means of the methods of "mechanics", which is the branch of physics involving analysis of the actions of forces. biomedical engineering The application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes (e.g. diagnostic or therapeutic).
Lubricity is the measure of the reduction in friction and/or wear by a lubricant. The study of lubrication and wear mechanisms is called tribology . Measurement of lubricity
The energy which is not recovered contributes to the back force, a process called rolling friction. Similar to rolling friction there are energy terms in charge transfer, which contribute to friction. In static friction there is coupling between elastic strains, polarization and surface charge which contributes to the frictional force. [82]
Motility also includes physiological processes like gastrointestinal movements and peristalsis. Understanding motility is important in biology, medicine, and ecology, as it impacts processes ranging from bacterial behavior to ecosystem dynamics.
Locomotion requires energy to overcome friction, drag, inertia, and gravity, though which factor predominates varies with environment. [ citation needed ] Comparative biomechanics overlaps strongly with many other fields, including ecology , neurobiology , developmental biology , ethology , and paleontology , to the extent of commonly ...