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Patients with hemiplegia following a stroke commonly experience shoulder pain and subluxation; both of which will interfere with the rehabilitation process. Functional electrical stimulation has been found to be effective for the management of pain and reduction of shoulder subluxation, as well as accelerating the degree and rate of motor recovery.
These treatment parameters can pose significant differences in both adverse side effects and symptom remission in the treated patient. Placement can be bilateral, where the electric current is passed from one side of the brain to the other, or unilateral, in which the current is solely passed across one hemisphere of the brain. High-dose ...
The program was carried out in twelve stroke rehabilitation centers across Canada. The research demonstrates that therapists could successfully implement the protocol in a real-world setting ...
A hole about 14 mm in diameter is drilled in the skull and the probe electrode is inserted stereotactically, using either frame-based or frameless stereotaxis. [14] During the awake procedure with local anesthesia, feedback from the person is used to determine the optimal placement of the permanent electrode.
An EEG recording setup using the 10-10 system of electrode placement. EEG is the gold standard diagnostic procedure to confirm epilepsy.The sensitivity of a routine EEG to detect interictal epileptiform discharges at epilepsy centers has been reported to be in the range of 29–55%. [8]
The Fp2, F8, T4, T6, and O2 electrodes are placed at intervals of 5%, 10%, 10%, 10%, 10%, and 5%, respectively, measured above the right ear, from front (Fpz) to back (Oz). The same is done for the odd-numbered electrodes on the left side, to complete the full circumference. Measurement methods for placement of the F3, F4, P3, and P4 points differ.
In epiretinal approach, electrodes are placed on the top side of the retina near ganglion cells, [39] whereas the electrodes are placed under the retina in subretinal approaches. [40] Finally, the posterior scleral surface of the eye is the place in which extraocular approach electrodes are positioned.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a form of neuromodulation that uses constant, low direct current delivered via electrodes on the head. This type of neurotherapy was originally developed to help patients with brain injuries or neuropsychiatric conditions such as major depressive disorder.
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