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  2. Secondary air injection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection

    A sensitive reed valve assembly called the aspirator valve is placed in the air injection pumping, which draws its air directly from the clean side of the air filter. During engine idle, brief but periodic negative pressure pulses in the exhaust system draw air through the aspirator valve and into the exhaust stream at the catalytic converter.

  3. Catalytic converter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter

    A three-way catalytic converter on a gasoline-powered 1996 Dodge Ram Simulation of flow inside a catalytic converter. A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device which converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction.

  4. Diesel particulate filter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter

    Unlike a catalytic converter which is a flow-through device, a DPF retains bigger exhaust gas particles by forcing the gas to flow through the filter material before exiting; [2] [29] however, the DPF does not retain small particles. Maintenance-free DPFs oxidise or burn larger particles until they are small enough to pass through the filter ...

  5. Lean-burn - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean-burn

    The main drawback of lean-burning is that a complex catalytic converter system is required to reduce NOx emissions. Lean-burn engines do not work well with modern 3-way catalytic converter —which require a pollutant balance at the exhaust port so they can carry out oxidation and reduction reactions—so most modern engines tend to cruise and ...

  6. Exhaust system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_system

    A typical exhaust system. The parts' names translate as follows: Krümmer: manifold (in this case, the exhaust manifold); Hosenrohr: downpipe; Katalysator: catalytic converter; Mittelschalldämpfer: middle silencer (or center muffler); Vorschalldämpfer: front silencer (or pre-muffler); Nachschalldämpfer: rear silencer (or main muffler); Endrohr: tailpipe.

  7. Vehicle emissions control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_emissions_control

    The catalytic converter is a device placed in the exhaust pipe, which converts hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and NO x into less harmful gases by using a combination of platinum, palladium and rhodium as catalysts. [16] There are two types of catalytic converter, a two-way and a three-way converter.

  8. United States vehicle emission standards - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_vehicle...

    OBDII + catalytic converter tamper check + fuel cap leak test for 1996 or later vehicles. Tailpipe/tampering testing for 1995 and older vehicles. Any diesel vehicle with a model year of 1975 and newer and a GVWR of 10,500 lbs or less. Annual testing. OBDII + catalytic converter tamper check + fuel cap leak test for 2002 or later vehicles.

  9. Scrubber - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrubber

    Later, in preparation for the global 0.5% sulfur cap in 2020, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted guidelines on the approval, installation and use of exhaust gas scrubbers (exhaust gas cleaning systems) on board ships to ensure compliance with the sulfur regulation of MARPOL Annex VI. [12]

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